% % This file was created by the TYPO3 extension % publications % --- Timezone: CEST % Creation date: 2024-03-19 % Creation time: 07:45:48 % --- Number of references % 318 % @Article { 316092864129_2024, author = {Werbunat, David and Aguilar, Julian and Almarashly, Mohanid and Janoudi, Vinzenz and Stephany, Simon and Gil Gaviria, Daniel and Ulusoy, A. Cagri and Waldschmidt, C.}, title = {On the Synchronization of Uncoupled Multistatic PMCW Radars}, abstract = {Radar networks and multistatic synthetic aperture radars (SARs) allow overcoming the limitations of single radar sensors. However, a good synchronization of the radar sensors is crucial to avoid performance loss due to phase noise and frequency offsets. While this is usually done via cables or dedicated synchronization signals, digital radars allow for new techniques. This work proposes a new concept for the synchronization of phase-modulated continuous wave (PMCW) radars. The synchronization is performed solely by digital signal processing on the receiver side, adapting techniques known from digital communications. It mitigates effects caused by incoherency, which are. These are phase noise, carrier LO frequency offsets and phase deviations of the local oscillator (LO), and sampling frequency offsets. At first, the impact of these effects is mathematically derived and analyzed in detail. Then, the proposed synchronization concept is presented, and its performance is thoroughly evaluated. Very good results are obtained not only in simulations but also in measurements with a 77-GHz radar demonstrator.}, year = {2024}, month = {2}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2024.3359035}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, web_url2 = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10424003} } @Article { 10352930, author = {Janoudi, Vinzenz and Schoeder, Pirmin and Grebner, Timo and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, Juergen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Signal Model for Coherent Processing of Uncoupled and Low Frequency Coupled MIMO Radar Networks}, year = {2024}, DOI = {10.1109/JMW.2023.3334757}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Microwaves}, volume = {4}, pages = {69-85}, number = {1}, keywords = {Sensors;Radar;Clocks;Chirp;Timing;Oscillators;Network topology;Automotive radar networks;signal processing;multiple-input-multiple-output} } @Article { 10375529, author = {Grebner, Timo and Riekenbrauck, Ron and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Processing in the Field of Autonomous Driving}, year = {2024}, DOI = {10.1109/TRS.2023.3347734}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems}, volume = {2}, pages = {47-66}, keywords = {Radar;Synthetic aperture radar;Radar imaging;Simultaneous localization and mapping;Spaceborne radar;Trajectory;Location awareness;Chirp-sequence radar sensors;radar imaging sensors;radar sensor networks;synthetic aperture radar;SAR;simultaneous localization and mapping;SLAM}, web_url2 = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10375529} } @Article { 634977617685_2023, author = {Werbunat, David and Woischneck, Benedikt and Lerch, Julian and Schweizer, Benedikt and Michev, Rossen and Bonfert, Christina and Hasch, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Multichannel Repeater for Coherent Radar Networks Enabling High-Resolution Radar Imaging}, abstract = {Coherent radar networks allow for spanning very large apertures that include all sensors with their subapertures in the network, resulting in very good angular resolution. However, as a radar network typically has a sparse array, its performance depends on the flexibility of the antenna and network node placement. Thus, in this work, a new type of radar network is presented, allowing for a highly flexible network and array design and providing an excellent performance in direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation. This is reached by using multichannel repeaters (MCRs) in combination with a single multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. The multichannel repeaters (MCRs) receives the radar’s signal via a line-of-sight path, and then re-transmits it via multiple transmit channels, each with a dedicated mixer used for multiplexing. To show the feasibility and the performance of this concept, a 77-radar network consisting of a digital 4x4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar and two four-channel MCRs is presented. It is designed following network array design recommendations mathematically derived in this work and combined with an adapted signal processing and network-based direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation. The high performance of the system is demonstrated not only via systematic measurements in an anechoic chamber, but also in various automotive scenarios including multiple road users.}, year = {2023}, month = {11}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2023.3326284}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, web_url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10335758} } @Conference { 790537527743_2023, author = {Kanz, Julian and Grathwohl, Alexander and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Surface Clutter Analysis for Detectability Prediction of Buried Objects with a UAV-Based GPSAR}, year = {2023}, month = {10}, day = {26}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD58043.2023.10289492}, booktitle = {20th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-51255} } @Article { 800067398002_2023, author = {Brandl, Susanne and Mueh, Mario and Diepolder, Adrian and Damm, Christian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Modeling Offset-Fed TE Reflectarrays for Far-Field Pattern Prediction at Upper mm-Wave Frequencies}, year = {2023}, month = {07}, day = {20}, reviewed = {1}, DOI = {10.1109/TAP.2023.3295897}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation}, volume = {71}, pages = {7333-7341}, number = {9}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-50741} } @Article { 692213275338_2023, author = {Dorsch, Ines and Schwarz, Dominik and Forster, Sarah and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Tuning the Angular Characteristics of Biomimetic Antenna Arrays}, abstract = {The angle estimation capabilities of radar sensors are strictly linked to the antenna spacing between the array elements. A larger array aperture corresponds to a smaller beam width or in terms of the angle estimation a higher phase sensitivity. So-called Biomimetic Antenna Arrays (BMAAs) provide the opportunity to shape the angular characteristics with more degrees of freedom. In this work, the concept and the design process of a tunable BMAA are presented. By electronically tuning varactor diodes, such an array can adapt its angular characteristics depending on the direction-of-arrival (DoA) and signal strength of a radar target. The theoretical requirements for the desired task are examined with general S-parameter simulations. Extensive circuit simulations of a proposed architecture unveil a variety of achievable designs of tunable BMAAs. Radar measurements of different implementations in the 77 GHz range and the theoretical analysis are in good agreement. The measurements show, inter alia, that the operational point of maximum biomimetically-increased phase sensitivity can be tuned over a range of 40∘ around the boresight direction, or that the power losses associated with BMAAs can be decreased by approximately 12 dB for weak radar targets, improving the detection capabilities.}, year = {2023}, month = {07}, day = {11}, issn = {2637-6431}, DOI = {10.1109/OJAP.2023.3294244}, journal = {IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation}, keywords = {Adaptive arrays Biologically-inspired antennas Biomimetic antenna arrays Direction-of-Arrival estimation Millimeter-wave antenna arrays Tunable circuits Varactors} } @Phdthesis { 791793537707_2023, author = {M\"{u}h, Mario}, title = {A Terahertz Sensor Platform for the Detection of African Trypanosomes}, type = {Dissertation}, year = {2023}, month = {6}, day = {22}, reviewed = {1}, isbn = {978-3-948303-35-8}, institution = {Universit\"{a}t Ulm}, institute = {Institut f\"{u}r Mikrowellentechnik}, booktitle = {A Terahertz Sensor Platform for the Detection of African Trypanosomes}, journal = {Schriftenreihe des Instituts f\"{u}r Mikrowellentechnik, hrsg. v. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian Damm}, volume = {1}, publisher = {Universit\"{a}t Ulm}, keywords = {Biosensor Millimeterwelle Aptamer}, web_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-49238}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-49238} } @Article { 943023066739_2023, author = {Chaloun, Tobias and Brandl, Susanne and Ambrosius, Norbert and Kr\"{o}hnert, Kevin and Maune, Holger and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {RF Glass Technology Is Going Mainstream: Review and Future Applications}, year = {2023}, month = {04}, day = {03}, reviewed = {1}, DOI = {10.1109/JMW.2023.3256413}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Microwaves}, volume = {3}, pages = {783 - 799}, number = {2}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-50955} } @Article { 565736399817_2023, author = {Frey, Thomas and D\"{o}ring, Maximilian and Riese, Nico and Waldschmidt, Christian and Chaloun, Tobias}, title = {Angle-Dependent Synthesis Method for Holographic Multi-Feed Antennas}, abstract = {A novel synthesis method for holographic multi-feed antennas is presented to combine all sub-holograms into an angle-dependent shared holographic aperture. In order to find the global error minimum between the shared holographic aperture and all ideal sub-holograms, a non-pixel-based genetic optimization is used. For a more accurately implementation of the analytical impedance tensor an eigenvector approach taking all tensor components into account is introduced. The optimized holographic antenna has four feeds for an exemplary integration into a 2D-monopulse radar system and is realized on a fused silica wafer due to its lower loss at millimeter-wave frequencies compared to Teflon-based materials. The antenna prototype provides a measured gain of 23dBi, a polarization purity of 26dB and a side-lobe level of 20dB for feed 1, 2 and 4 is reached across 76GHz−81GHz. The S-parameters are measured from 60GHz to 90GHz , and a reflection coefficient of −14dB and an inter-port coupling <−38dB are achieved. The measured 2D-monopulse patterns provide a FOV of ang 10, the sum beam has a gain of 26dBi leading to an aperture efficiency of 45{\%} and the differential beams show a null depth of 30dB.}, year = {2023}, month = {03}, day = {27}, issn = {2637-6431}, DOI = {10.1109/OJAP.2023.3261903}, journal = {Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation}, volume = {4}, pages = {392 - 407}, number = {39}, keywords = {holographic antenna metasurface antenna multi-feed antenna multi-beam antenna surface wave leaky wave monopulse radar glass technology} } @Conference { 922159841998_2023, author = {Schwarz, Dominik and Riese, Nico and Dorsch, Ines and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Improving the Short-Range Perception of MIMO Radars with LO Feedthrough Topologies by Complex Sampling}, abstract = {In radar systems with local oscillator feedthrough topology, range shifts occur due to the time delays between the radar transceivers. These shifts can be corrected efficiently in postprocessing, except for the short-range spectrum, as disturbing peaks, caused by range shifts of the transmit-to-receive leakage, prevent the use of such system in short-range applications like automated parking. In this contribution, the capabilities of complex sampling, compared to real sampling, are analyzed both in theory and by measurements, with respect to the effects in systems with feedthrough topology. The imaging performance at very short ranges is investigated with an exemplary scenario, representing a typical automated parking situation. The measurements show that with complex sampling, the image peaks vanish and the noise level is reduced by 2.8 dB. In this way, radar images suitable for automated parking and other short range applications can be obtained.}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.1109/IMS37964.2023.10188027}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2023}, pages = {382-385}, keywords = {Automotive Radar Chirp Sequence Modulation Direction-Of-Arrival Estimation Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Imaging Radar Local Oscillator Feedthrough mm-Wave Multiple-Input Multiple-Output}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-50858} } @Conference { 852860325624_2023, author = {Brandl, Susanne and Mueh, Mario and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Chip-Integrated 240-GHz-Reflectarray with Antennas on Glass Superstrate}, year = {2023}, reviewed = {1}, DOI = {10.23919/EuMC58039.2023.10290342}, event_name = {53rd European Microwave Conference (EuMC)}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-51254} } @Inproceedings { 10149558, author = {Schoeder, Pirmin and Janoudi, Vinzenz and Petersohn, Tim and Grebner, Timo and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Waveform Analysis and Digital Predistortion for Modulation-Based Radar Target Simulators}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.1109/RadarConf2351548.2023.10149558}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf23)}, pages = {1-6}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-50005} } @Article { 10077555, author = {Grathwohl, Alexander and Meinecke, Benedikt and Kanz, Julian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {UAV-Based Bistatic SAR-Imaging Using a Stationary Repeater}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.1109/JMW.2023.3253667}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Microwaves}, pages = {1-10} } @Article { 10128981, author = {Grebner, Timo and Janoudi, Vinzenz and Schoeder, Pirmin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Self-Calibration of a Network of Radar Sensors for Autonomous Robots}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.1109/TAES.2023.3277427}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems}, pages = {1-12}, web_url2 = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10128981} } @Article { 10164269, author = {Grebner, Timo and Grathwohl, Alexander and Schoeder, Pirmin and Janoudi, Vinzenz and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Probabilistic SAR Processing for High-Resolution Mapping Using Millimeter-Wave Radar Sensors}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.1109/TAES.2023.3289784}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems}, pages = {1-16}, web_url2 = {https://oparu.uni-ulm.de/xmlui/handle/123456789/51348} } @Inproceedings { 10289195, author = {Grebner, Timo and Schwarz, Dominik and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {On Sampling and Bandwidth Influences of Distributed Radar Sensors on Automotive SAR Applications}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD58043.2023.10289195}, booktitle = {2023 20th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {181-184}, keywords = {Chirp;Radar measurements;Spaceborne radar;Radar;Bandwidth;Radar imaging;Radar antennas;chirp sequence radar sensor;distributed radar sensors;mapping;radar network;synthetic aperture radar (SAR)}, web_url2 = {https://oparu.uni-ulm.de/xmlui/handle/123456789/51322} } @Article { 10254526, author = {Kern, Nicolai and Paulus, Lukas and Grebner, Timo and Janoudi, Vinzenz and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Radar-Based Gesture Recognition Under Ego-Motion for Automotive Applications}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.1109/TRS.2023.3316893}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems}, volume = {1}, pages = {542-552}, keywords = {Radar;Clutter;Pedestrians;Gesture recognition;Radar clutter;Radar cross-sections;Signal processing algorithms;Automotive radar;chirp sequence radar;ego-motion;radar gesture recognition;traffic gesture recognition} } @Conference { 386331550104_2023, author = {Schwarz, Dominik and Linder, Matthias and Bonfert, Christina and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Improving the Image Quality in High-Resolution 4D Radars with Sparse Arrays by Compressed Sensing}, abstract = {For autonomous driving, high-resolution radar sensors are required, as they operate even in poor light or weather conditions. To obtain detailed information about the vehicle’s surroundings, the resolution in all 4 measurement dimensions, i.e. range, velocity, azimuth, and elevation angle, has been improved in recent years. As large uniform rectangular arrays (URAs) would require an enormous number of channels, typically sparse antenna arrays are realized, although this results in a deteriorated image quality due to higher sidelobe levels in the angular domain. In this paper, the missing elements between the desired URA and the realized sparse antenna array are reconstructed by means of a compressed sensing algorithm. With a 1728 channel radar demonstrator, the effectiveness is shown in the direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation of a point-target, where the main sidelobe is reduced by 60 dB. The improved perception is further analyzed with measurements of two and four reference targets in the same range-Doppler cell that differ in their radar cross section by 10dB and 24dB, respectively. Thereby, the dynamic range in the angular domain is enhanced from 16 dB to 25 dB and 20 dB, respectively. The improved image quality due to the reduced sidelobes is demonstrated with a scenario containing 13 scatterers. Finally, an intersection scenario with a pedestrian in the same range-Doppler cell as a car is shown. This represents a challenging scenario for state-of-the-art radar sensors, where compressed sensing enables the separation of both targets.}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.1109/ICEAA57318.2023.10297850}, booktitle = {International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA)}, keywords = {automotive radar, chirp sequence modulation, compressed sensing, direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation, frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW), high-resolution imaging radar, mm-wave, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-51252} } @Conference { 181987199357_2023, author = {Schwarz, Dominik and Grebner, Timo and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Imaging Performance of 79 GHz MIMO Radars: High-Resolution 4D Snapshots, Grid Maps, and SAR}, abstract = {For autonomous driving, the accurate perception of the vehicle’s environment is a key requirement. For this purpose, radar sensors provide reliable images, even in poor lighting or weather conditions. In this paper, the imaging performance of snapshots obtained from a high-resolution 4D radar with 1728 channels is compared to occupancy grid maps (OGMs) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images captured with a low-end sensor. Therefore, measurements are performed on a parking lot, representing a typical automotive scenario. Additionally, OGMs obtained from both the low-end sensor and the 4D imaging radar are compared. SAR images show the best imaging performance, overcoming shadowing effects and the degradation due to angular sidelobes. However, the snapshots from the 4D imaging radar also contain the relevant targets and provide velocity and height information at the same time.}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD58043.2023.10289317}, booktitle = {20th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {254-257}, keywords = {Automotive radar chirp sequence modulation direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) high-resolution imaging radar mm-wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) occupancy grid map (OGM) synthetic aperture radar (SAR)}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-51211} } @Inproceedings { 10289630, author = {Grebner, Timo and Weichenmeier, Thomas and Janoudi, Vinzenz and Schoeder, Pirmin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Generation of 3D Grid-Maps Using an Incoherent Network of Radar Sensors with 1D Angle Estimation}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD58043.2023.10289630}, booktitle = {2023 20th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {39-42}, keywords = {Bridges;Location awareness;Three-dimensional displays;Spaceborne radar;Soft sensors;MIMO radar;Estimation;chirp-sequence radar sensor;distributed radar sensors;grid-mapping;OGM;radar network;3D mapping}, web_url2 = {https://oparu.uni-ulm.de/xmlui/handle/123456789/51324} } @Conference { 139685719402_2023, author = {Brandl, Susanne and Diepolder, Adrian and Mueh, Mario and Damm, Christian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Frequency Selective Surfaces for Reduced Specular Reflection under Oblique Incidence at 240 GHz}, year = {2023}, reviewed = {1}, DOI = {10.23919/EuCAP57121.2023.10133207}, event_name = {European Conference on Antennas and Propagation}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-50954} } @Article { 10198530, author = {Grebner, Timo and Torres, Lizette Lorraine Tovar and Janoudi, Vinzenz and Schoeder, Pirmin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Detection of Optical Road Markings With Automotive Radar Sensors}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.1109/LSENS.2023.3300825}, journal = {IEEE Sensors Letters}, volume = {7}, pages = {1-4}, number = {8}, keywords = {Sensors;Radar;Roads;Radar imaging;Low-pass filters;Synthetic aperture radar;Image sensors;Microwave/millimeter wave sensors;autonomous driving;frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW);lane detection;radar networks;radar systems;road marking;synthetic aperture radar (SAR)}, web_url2 = {https://oparu.uni-ulm.de/xmlui/handle/123456789/51477} } @Article { 10113344, author = {Grathwohl, Alexander and Arendt, Bernd and Grebner, Timo and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Detection of Objects Below Uneven Surfaces With a UAV-Based GPSAR}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.18725/OPARU-49221}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing}, pages = {1-1} } @Inproceedings { 10289553, author = {Grebner, Timo and Konrad, Fabian and Schwarz, Dominik and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Detection and Backprojection of Ghost Targets within a Network of Radar Sensors}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD58043.2023.10289553}, booktitle = {2023 20th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {43-46}, keywords = {Location awareness;Rails;Matched filters;Trajectory planning;Pose estimation;Radar detection;Radar;chirp-sequence radar sensor;distributed radar sensors;ghost targets;grid-mapping;radar network;mapping}, web_url2 = {https://oparu.uni-ulm.de/xmlui/handle/123456789/51323} } @Article { 10163915, author = {Torres, Lizette Lorraine Tovar and Grebner, Timo and Werbunat, David and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Automotive Radar Interference Mitigation by Subtraction of the Interference Component}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.1109/LMWT.2023.3285291}, journal = {IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters}, volume = {33}, pages = {1397-1400}, number = {9}, keywords = {Radar;Interference;Chirp;Sensors;Automotive engineering;Correlation;Floors;Automotive radar;interference;mitigation} } @Inproceedings { 10149687, author = {Tovar Torres, Lizette Lorraine and Grebner, Timo and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Automotive Radar Interference Avoidance Strategies for Complex Traffic Scenarios}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.1109/RadarConf2351548.2023.10149687}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf23)}, pages = {1-6} } @Inproceedings { 10149789, author = {Janoudi, Vinzenz and Schoeder, Pirmin and Grebner, Timo and Schwarz, Dominik and Waldschmidt, Christian and Dickmann, Juergen and Appenrodt, Nils}, title = {Antenna Array Design for Coherent MIMO Radar Networks}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.1109/RadarConf2351548.2023.10149789}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf23)}, pages = {1-6}, keywords = {Radar measurements;Spaceborne radar;MIMO radar;Radar detection;Radar;Radar antennas;Aperture antennas;array signal processing;extended target detection;MIMO radar network;virtual aperture} } @Conference { 633956880045_2023, author = {Werbunat, David and Schweizer, Benedikt and Maier, Matthias and Bonfert, Christina and Schindler, Daniel and Hinz, Philipp and Hasch, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {An All-Digital Carrier Synthesis for Stepped OFDM Radars}, abstract = {OFDM-based radars offer the potential to solve inherent limitations of current modulation schemes by shifting the main effort to the digital domain. By combining an OFDM signal with a stepped carrier, the sampling rate and memory constraints, which are limiting the bandwidth and thus the range resolution of digital radars, can be overcome. However, this is at the cost of highly increased demands on carrier synthesis. This paper presents an all-digital carrier frequency synthesis that allows to realize any desired carrier frequency progression and is synchronized to a digital OFDM radar with signal generation based on a Xilinx Zynq RFSoC. Its functionality is demonstrated using a homodyne 4x4 MIMO radar at 77 GHz.}, year = {2023}, month = {June}, DOI = {10.1109/IMS37964.2023.10187968}, journal = {2023 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2023}, web_url = {https://oparu.uni-ulm.de/items/6d3b9aff-5de3-4ed2-be5c-f3adc29b0de9}, web_url2 = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10187968}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-51515} } @Article { 10028768, author = {Schoeder, Pirmin and Janoudi, Vinzenz and Grebner, Timo and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Unified Model of Coherent Direction-of-Arrival Simulation for Radar Target Simulators}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.1109/TAES.2023.3240355}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems}, volume = {59}, pages = {4738-4743}, number = {4}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-50007} } @Conference { 242315185058_2023, author = {Brandl, Susanne and Mueh, Mario and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Flexible Measurement Setup for Far-Field Characterization of Reflectarrays Above 200 GHz}, year = {2023}, reviewed = {1}, DOI = {10.1109/USNC-URSI52151.2023.10237676}, event_name = {IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-50743} } @Conference { 648656822620_2022, author = {Galler, Thomas and Schulz-Ruhtenberg, Malte and Chaloun, Tobias and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Mechanically Flexible Dielectric Waveguides and Bandstop Filters in Glass Technology at G-band}, abstract = {A novel mechanically flexible filter integrated in a glass dielectric waveguide is presented for sensor applications at G-band (140–220 GHz). The use of laser-induced deep etching (LIDE) technology enables the production of via holes and thus the local modulation of the effective permittivity in a dielectric waveguide. This approach enables the implementation of a filter without the use of metal structures. In addition, extraordinary mechanical flexibility is achieved through meandering slots, which simultaneously perform the permittivity modulation. The RF performance was studied in full-wave simulations and validated by measurements of the manufactured bandstop prototypes. The experimental results of the implemented filter element show good agreement with the simulated values. At the center frequency of 156 GHz a notch depth below −14 dB in the measured stop band is achieved. Additional measurements show a stable filter characteristic at up to 8°bend angle applicable for the use as a low-loss waveguide under harsh environmental conditions.}, year = {2022}, month = {9}, reviewed = {1}, DOI = {10.23919/EuMC54642.2022.9924350}, booktitle = {2022 52nd European Microwave Conference (EuMC)}, keywords = {Filter, glass, dielectric waveguide, millimeter wave, TGV}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2022/2022\_EuMC\_Galler\_Mechanically\_Flexible\_Dielectric\_Waveguide.pdf} } @Conference { 9991876, author = {Schwarz, Dominik and Dorsch, Ines and D\"{u}rr, Andr\'{e}; and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Improving the Detection Capability of Imaging MIMO Radars by TX Beamforming}, abstract = {In autonomous driving, the detection of all relevant road users is a key requirement for the sensors. In order to improve the detection capability and to increase the signal to noise ratio, transmit (Tx) beamforming can be applied. In this paper, the possibility of adaptive Tx beamforming in a multiple-input multiple-output radar imaging system using state-of-the-art radar transceivers is analyzed both in theory and by measurements. The imaging performance is shown for an exemplary intersection scenario, using an antenna system with a high virtual channel count exceeding the state-of-the-art. For the first time, high-resolution radar images are shown both with and without Tx beamforming. To enable the detection of a pedestrian in the proximity of a strong target, such as a car, the target response and side lobes of the strong target can be weakened by more than 11 dB, even at a large incident angle.}, year = {2022}, month = {09}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD54643.2022.9991876}, organization = {Universit\"{a}t Ulm}, institution = {Institut f\"{u}r Mikrowellentechnik}, booktitle = {19th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {17-20}, keywords = {Millimeterwelle Imaging systems MIMO systems FMCW-Radar Automotive Radar Chirp Sequence Modulation Direction-Of-Arrival Estimation Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Imaging Radar mm-Wave Multiple-Input Multiple-Output}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-47042} } @Conference { 349212984755_2022, author = {Galler, Thomas and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Chaloun, Tobias and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Dielectric Rod Antenna for Glass-Packaged Radar Sensors at G-band}, year = {2022}, month = {5}, issn = {2167-8022}, booktitle = {2022 14th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2022/2022\_GeMiC\_Thomas\_Galler\_Dielectric\_Rod\_Antenna\_for\_Glass-\_Packaged\_Radar\_Sensors\_at\_G-band.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Frey2022, author = {Frey, Thomas and D\"{o}ring, Maximilian and Waldschmidt, Christian and Chaloun, Tobias}, title = {Towards Holographic Antenna Systems for MIMO Radar and Communication Applications}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.23919/EuCAP53622.2022.9769556}, booktitle = {2022 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)}, pages = {1-5}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/downloads/papers/2022/2022\_EuCAP\_Frey\_Towards\_Holographic\_Antenna\_Systems\_for\_MIMO\_Radar\_and\_Communication\_Applications.pdf} } @Article { 9878299, author = {Grathwohl, Alexander and Stelzig, Michael and Kanz, Julian and Fenske, Patrick and Benedikter, Andreas and Knill, Christina and Ullmann, Ingrid and Hajnsek, Irena and Moreira, Alberto and Krieger, Gerhard and Vossiek, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Taking a Look Beneath the Surface: Multicopter UAV-Based Ground-Penetrating Imaging Radars}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1109/MMM.2022.3188126}, journal = {IEEE Microwave Magazine}, volume = {23}, pages = {32-46}, number = {10} } @Article { Schwarz2022b, author = {Schwarz, Dominik and Riese, Nico and Dorsch, Ines and Waldschmidt, C.}, title = {System Performance of a 79 GHz High-Resolution 4D Imaging MIMO Radar With 1728 Virtual Channels}, abstract = {Future driver assistance and autonomous driving systems require high-resolution 4D imaging radars that provide detailed and robust information about the vehicle's surroundings, even in poor weather or lighting conditions. In this work, a novel high-resolution radar system with 1728 virtual channels is presented, exceeding the state-of-the-art channel count for automotive radar sensors by a factor of 9. To realize the system, a new mixed feedthrough and distribution network topology is employed for the distribution of the ramp oscillator signal. A multilayer printed circuit board is designed and fabricated with all components assembled on the back side, while the radio frequency signal distribution is on a buried layer and only the antennas are on the front side. The array is optimized to enable both multipleinput multiple-output operation and transmit beamforming. A sparse array with both transmit and receive antennas close to the transceivers is realized to form a 2D array with a large unambiguous region of 130° × 75° with a maximal sidelobe level of -15 dB. The array features a 3 dB beamwidth of 0.78° × 3.6° in azimuth and elevation, respectively. Radar measurements in an anechoic chamber show that even the individual peaks of the absorber in the chamber can be detected and separated in the range-angle cut of the 4D radar image. The performance is validated by measurements of a parking lot, where cars, a pedestrian, a fence, and a street lamp can be detected, separated, and estimated correctly in size and position.}, year = {2022}, month = {Oct}, issn = {2692-8388}, DOI = {10.1109/JMW.2022.3196454}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Microwaves}, volume = {2}, pages = {637-647}, number = {4}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2022.3196454} } @Article { 9703257, author = {Grebner, Timo and Schoeder, Pirmin and Janoudi, Vinzenz and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Radar-Based Mapping of the Environment: Occupancy Grid-Map Versus SAR}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1109/LMWC.2022.3145661}, journal = {IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters}, pages = {1-4}, web_url2 = {https://oparu.uni-ulm.de/xmlui/handle/123456789/41945} } @Inproceedings { schoeder2022GeMiC, author = {Schoeder, Pirmin and Grebner, Timo and Janoudi, Vinzenz and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Radar Target Simulation Based on Measurement Data}, year = {2022}, booktitle = {2022 14th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)}, pages = {88-91}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-45965} } @Article { 9787061, author = {Kern, Nicolai and Grebner, Timo and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {PointNet+LSTM for Target List-Based Gesture Recognition With Incoherent Radar Networks}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1109/TAES.2022.3179248}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems}, volume = {58}, pages = {5675-5686}, number = {6}, keywords = {Radar;Spectrogram;Sensors;Doppler effect;Feature extraction;Radar cross-sections;Chirp;Chirp sequence;gesture recognition;radar point clouds;radar target lists;sensor networks;neural networks} } @Article { 9770180, author = {Meinecke, Benedikt and Werbunat, David and Haidari, Qasim and Linder, Matthias and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Near-Field Compensation for Coherent Radar Networks}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1109/LMWC.2022.3170721}, journal = {IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters}, pages = {1-4}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/downloads/papers/2022/2022\_mwcl\_meinecke\_near-field\_compensation\_for\_coherent\_radar\_networks.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 9783580, author = {Grebner, Timo and Schoeder, Pirmin and Konrad, Fabian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Instantaneous Ego-Motion Estimation based on Ambiguous Velocity Information within a Network of Radar Sensors}, year = {2022}, booktitle = {2022 14th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)}, pages = {140-143}, web_url2 = {https://oparu.uni-ulm.de/xmlui/handle/123456789/51462} } @Inproceedings { 9784497, author = {Meinecke, Benedikt and Werbunat, David and Schoeder, Pirmin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Matching Bistatic Target Responses in Radar Networks to Enable Vectorial Velocity Estimation}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD50154.2022.9784497}, booktitle = {2021 18th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {42-45}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/downloads/papers/2022/2022\_eumw\_meinecke\_matching\_bistatic\_target\_responses.pdf} } @Article { Kern.2022b, author = {Kern, Nicolai and Aguilar, Julian and Grebner, Timo and Meinecke, Benedikt and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Learning on Multistatic Simulation Data for Radar-Based Automotive Gesture Recognition}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2022.3200595}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, volume = {70}, pages = {5039-5050}, number = {11}, file_url = {https://oparu.uni-ulm.de/xmlui/handle/123456789/46224} } @Inproceedings { Kern.2022a, author = {Kern, Nicolai and Badr, Ahmed and Grebner, Timo and Schoeder, Pirmin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Joint Pedestrian Gesture Recognition and Orientation Estimation from Multistatic Radar Data}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD54643.2022.9924874}, booktitle = {2022 19th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {41-44}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/downloads/papers/2022/2022\_EuMW\_Kern\_Joint\_Pedestrian\_Gesture\_Recognition\_and\_Orientation\_Estimation.pdf} } @Article { 9485122, author = {Burr, Ralf and Schartel, Markus and Grathwohl, Alexander and Mayer, Winfried and Walter, Thomas and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {UAV-Borne FMCW InSAR for Focusing Buried Objects}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1109/LGRS.2021.3094165}, journal = {IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters}, volume = {19}, pages = {1-5} } @Article { 665936519469_2022, author = {Brandl, Susanne and Mueh, Mario and Diepolder, Adrian and Kunakovskaya, Ekaterina and Ulusoy, A. Cagri and Damm, Christian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Characterization Techniques for Reconfigurable Reflectarray Unit Cells at 240 GHz}, year = {2022}, reviewed = {1}, DOI = {10.1109/LAWP.2022.3185110}, journal = {IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-47577} } @Inproceedings { Grathwohl2022, author = {Grathwohl, Alexander and Arendt, Bernd and Walter, Thomas and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Influence of Soil Moisture on the Detection of Buried Objects Using an Airborne GPSAR}, year = {2022}, month = {jun}, DOI = {10.18725/OPARU-45418}, booktitle = {MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS}, publisher = {IEEE}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/downloads/papers/2022/2022\_IMS\_Grathwohl\_Soil\_Moisture\_GPSAR.pdf} } @Article { 9743560, author = {D\"{u}rr, A. and Schwarz, D. and H\"{a}fner, S. and Thom\"{a}, R. and Waldschmidt, C.}, title = {Coherent Measurements of a Multistatic MIMO Radar Network With Phase Noise Optimized Non-Coherent Signal Synthesis}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1109/JMW.2022.3154886}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Microwaves}, volume = {2}, pages = {239-252}, number = {2}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/downloads/papers/2022/2022\_JMW\_Duerr\_Coherent\_Measurements\_of\_a\_Multistatic\_MIMO\_Radar\_Network\_With\_Phase\_Noise\_Optimized\_Non-Coherent\_Signal\_Synthesis.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 9924790, author = {Grebner, Timo and Linder, Matthias and Kern, Nicolai and Schoeder, Pirmin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {6D Self-Calibration of the Position and Orientation of Radar Sensors in a Radar Network}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD54643.2022.9924790}, booktitle = {2022 19th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {157-160}, web_url2 = {https://oparu.uni-ulm.de/xmlui/handle/123456789/51325} } @Conference { 9784202, author = {Schwarz, Dominik and Riese, Nico and D\"{u}rr, Andre and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Broadband Multilayer Vertical Transition at 79 GHz Employing FR4 as Core Material}, abstract = {A novel vertical transition through a multilayer printed circuit board is presented. The transition is designed to fulfill the cost and manufacturing constraints of next generation automotive radar sensors. This is achieved both by employing FR4 as material in the transition core and the fabrication in a standard high density interconnect process. The modified design of a quasi-coaxial structure solves the limitations determined by the constraints. Although FR4 has high dielectric losses, a vertical transition through multiple FR4 layers is realized with a low insertion loss of less than 2.1 dB within the automotive radar frequency range of 76 GHz to 81 GHz. A return loss better than 10 dB is achieved up to a frequency of 83.2 GHz. The reliability and repeatability of the transition is shown by measurements of several transitions from different production cycles.}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.23919/EuMC50147.2022.9784202}, booktitle = {2021 51st European Microwave Conference (EuMC)}, pages = {700-703}, keywords = {E-band high density interconnect mm-wave multilayer printed circuit board quasi-coaxial structure stripline vertical transition via transition}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-43902 - - 10.18725/OPARU-43902} } @Inproceedings { 9783553, author = {Kern, Nicolai and Holzbock, Adrian and Grebner, Timo and Belagiannis, Vasileios and Dietmayer, Klaus and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Ground Truth System for Radar Measurements of Humans}, year = {2022}, booktitle = {German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)}, pages = {84-87}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/downloads/papers/2022/2022\_GeMiC\_Kern\_Ground\_Truth\_System\_for\_Radar\_Measurements\_of\_Humans.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 9924807, author = {Schoeder, Pirmin and Janoudi, Vinzenz and Grebner, Timo and Martin, Arne and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Influence of Ramp Timing Dither on Modulation-Based Radar Target Simulators}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD54643.2022.9924807}, booktitle = {2022 19th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {329-332}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-46152} } @Article { 9880550, author = {Schlichenmaier, Johannes and Steiner, Maximilian and Grebner, Timo and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Clustering and Subsequent Contour and Motion Estimation of Automotive Objects Using a Network of Cooperative Radar Sensors}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1109/TVT.2022.3204965}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology}, pages = {1-15} } @Inproceedings { 9924830, author = {Schoeder, Pirmin and Martin, Arne and Meinecke, Benedikt and Werbunat, David and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Modulation-Based Radar Target Simulator and Its Hardware Nonidealities}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD54643.2022.9924830}, booktitle = {2022 19th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {1-4}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-46151} } @Inproceedings { 9784553, author = {Kern, Nicolai and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Data Augmentation in Time and Doppler Frequency Domain for Radar-based Gesture Recognition}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD50154.2022.9784553}, booktitle = {European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {33-36} } @Conference { 274365232259_2022, author = {D\"{u}rr, Andr\'{e}; and Linder, Matthias and Schwarz, Dominik and Frey, Thomas and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Efficient Calibration of Very Large mm-Wave Radars by Virtual Phase Center Analysis}, abstract = {Manufacturing uncertainties, mutual antenna coupling, and other hardware imperfections lead to a deviation of the real hardware behavior from the ideal one. Calibration procedures aim to determine the deviation between the ideal signal model and the real hardware behavior to achieve an improved measurement accuracy of the array. When using large apertures and large modulation bandwidths, the measured distance of a single target at different receive antennas depends on the incident angle. Furthermore, the far-field condition cannot be met. In this paper, the influence of these errors on the calibration is analyzed and a strategy to correct these errors by signal processing is derived. Additionally, we propose a method to reduce the calibration effort for large aperture radars based on the a-priori knowledge of the array geometry. Experimental results with an imaging radar at 150 GHz demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed error correction method and the related calibration concept.}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.18725/OPARU-44282}, booktitle = {2021 18th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {521-524}, keywords = {Antenna arrays Millimeter waves MIMO systems Array calibration Direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation Large antenna arrays Millimeter wave radar Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar} } @Inproceedings { 9783478, author = {Hinz, Philipp and Mueh, Mario and Heck, Jessica and Damm, Christian}, title = {Evaluating Error Influences of a Dielectric Waveguide for mm-Wave In Vitro Epithelial Cell Vitality Measurements}, year = {2022}, booktitle = {2022 14th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)}, pages = {236-239}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/downloads/papers/2022/2022\_GeMiC\_Hinz\_Error\_Influences\_of\_a\_Dielectric\_Waveguide\_for\_Cell\_Vitality\_Measurements.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 9784456, author = {Werbunat, David and Schweizer, Benedikt and Meinecke, Benedikt and Michev, Rossen and Hasch, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Ghost-Target Suppression in Coherent Radar Networks}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD50154.2022.9784456}, booktitle = {2021 18th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {54-57}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/downloads/papers/2022/2022\_eumw\_werbunat\_ghost-target\_suppression\_in\_coherent\_radar\_networks.pdf} } @Conference { 813202660328_2022, author = {D\"{o}ring, Maximilian and Frey, Thomas and Waldschmidt, Christian and Chaloun, Tobias}, title = {High-Gain Holographic Multi-Feed Antenna}, year = {2022}, issn = {2167-8022}, booktitle = {2022 14th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2022/2022\_GeMiC\_Doering\_High-Gain\_Holographic\_Multi-Feed\_Antenna.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Frey2022, author = {Frey, Thomas and D\"{u}rr, Andre and Waldschmidt, Christian and Chaloun, Tobias}, title = {Holographic Conical Beam Scanning Antenna for mm-Wave Radars Using Glass Technology}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.23919/EuMC50147.2022.9784386}, booktitle = {2021 51st European Microwave Conference (EuMC)}, pages = {825-828}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/downloads/papers/2022/2022\_EuMC\_Frey\_Holographic\_Conical\_Beam\_Scanning\_Antenna\_for\_mm-Wave\_Radars\_Using\_Glass\_Technology.pdf} } @Article { dorsch_AWPL_switchableBMAA_2021, author = {Dorsch, Ines and Schwarz, Dominik and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Switchable Biomimetic Antenna Array}, abstract = {Biomimetic antenna arrays inspired by the fly Ormia ochracea showed a promising improvement of the angle estimation capabilities of radar sensors. So far, there is usually a loss of output power associated with this improvement decreasing the detectability of weak radar targets. In this paper, an electronically switchable two-element biomimetic antenna array is presented for the first time. This array provides the possibility to switch between a biomimetic antenna mode with enhanced phase sensitivity and a conventional antenna mode with better SNR. Circuit requirements are discussed, the design process is described, and a realization in the 77-GHz range using PIN diodes as switching elements is presented. Radar measurements verify the concept. By switching, the phase sensitivity of the realized array can be enhanced by a factor of 3 with a relative power loss of maximum 14 dB.}, year = {2021}, month = {12}, DOI = {10.1109/LAWP.2021.3113562}, journal = {IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters}, volume = {20}, pages = {2422 - 2426}, number = {12}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2021/2021\_AWPL\_Dorsch\_Switchable\_Biomimetic\_Antenna\_Array.pdf} } @Article { dorsch_TMTT_mimobmaa_2021, author = {Dorsch, Ines and Gr\"{u}ner, Patrik and Klose, Markus and Schmucker, David and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Performance Evaluation and Optimization of MIMO Radars Using Biomimetic Antenna Arrays}, abstract = {The improvement of the angular resolution of radar sensors is one of the crucial goals of current radar research. A promising approach to achieve this goal is inspired by the ears of a fly called Ormia ochracea. The working principle was adapted for antennas, and the so-called biomimetic antenna arrays (BMAAs) aroused the interest of several research groups. In this work, BMAAs are incorporated into multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) arrays, a very common approach of improving the angular resolution, to gain more degrees of freedom in array design. The MIMO BMAAs are modeled utilizing the effective biomimetic antenna distance, a fundamentally new measure introduced in this article to translate the special biomimetic phase progression into a spatial quantity. We present straightforward antenna configurations but also describe how a genetic algorithm can be utilized to optimize both antenna positions and BMAA parameters. The proposed arrays show various beneficial effects such as a wider angular range for unambiguous angle estimation or a narrower beamwidth. The impact of MIMO BMAAs on the angular resolution is thoroughly analyzed both theoretically and by radar measurements in the range of 77 GHz. The measurements confirm the modeling method very well and show a significant increase in the angular separability.}, status = {1}, year = {2021}, month = {07}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2021.3103579}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, edition = {Special Issue \dqMicrowave and Millimeter-Wave Communication and Sensor Systems\dq}, volume = {69}, pages = {5173 - 5184}, number = {11}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2021/2021\_TMTT\_dorsch\_mimo\_radars\_using\_biomimetic\_antenna\_arrays.pdf} } @Conference { 551765497092_2021, author = {Kr\"{o}hnert, Kevin and W\"{o}hrmann, Markus and Mayer, Winfried and Galler, Thomas and Chaloun, Tobias and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Versatile Hermetically Sealed Sensor Platform for High Frequency Applications}, year = {2021}, month = {Sept}, day = {13}, DOI = {10.23919/EMPC53418.2021.9584974}, booktitle = {2021 23rd European Microelectronics and Packaging Conference \\& Exhibition (EMPC)}, keywords = {Through Glass Via TGV LIDE Interposer Hermetically Reliability Balling Solder SAC 305 Radar Sensor radio-frequency}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2021/2021\_Galler\_Versatile\_Hermetically\_Sealed\_Sensor\_Platform\_for\_High\_Frequency\_Applications.pdf} } @Article { duerr2022, author = {D\"{u}rr, Andre and Linder, M. and Schwarz, Dominik and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Highly Efficient Angular Array Calibration Based on the Modal Wave Expansion Technique}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.1109/OJAP.2021.3111447}, journal = {IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation}, volume = {2}, pages = {938-948}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/downloads/papers/2021/2021\_OJAP\_Duerr\_Highly\_Efficient\_Angular\_Array\_Calibration\_Based\_on\_the\_Modal\_Wave\_Expansion\_Technique.pdf} } @Article { 9446099, author = {Schweizer, Benedikt and Grathwohl, Alexander and Rossi, Gilberto and Hinz, Philipp and Knill, Christina and Stephany, Simon and Ng, Herman Jalli and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {The Fairy Tale of Simple All-Digital Radars: How to Deal With 100 Gbit/s of a Digital Millimeter-Wave MIMO Radar on an FPGA [Application Notes]}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.1109/MMM.2021.3069602}, journal = {IEEE Microwave Magazine}, volume = {22}, pages = {66-76}, number = {7} } @Article { 9454053, author = {Schoeder, Pirmin and Schweizer, Benedikt and Grathwohl, Alexander and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Multitarget Simulator for Automotive Radar Sensors With Unknown Chirp-Sequence Modulation}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.1109/LMWC.2021.3088882}, journal = {IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters}, volume = {31}, pages = {1086-1089}, number = {9}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-39231} } @Inproceedings { 9337433, author = {D\"{u}rr, A. and Linder, M. and Waldschmidt, C.}, title = {Increasing the Efficiency and Robustness of Angular Radar Calibration by Exploiting Phase Symmetry}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.1109/EuRAD48048.2021.00019}, booktitle = {2020 17th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {30-33}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_Eurad\_Duerr\_Increasing\_The\_Efficiency\_And\_Robustness\_Of\_Angular\_Radar\_Calibration\_By\_Exploiting\_Phase\_Symmetry.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 9338179, author = {Eisenbeis, Joerg and Tingulstad, Magnus and Kern, Nicolai and Koll\'{a}r, Zsolt and Kowalewski, Jerzy and L\'{o}pez, Pablo Ramos and Zwick, Thomas}, title = {Hybrid Beamforming Analysis Based on MIMO Channel Measurements at 28 GHz}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.23919/EuMC48046.2021.9338179}, booktitle = {European Microwave Conference (EuMC)}, pages = {638-641} } @Article { Schwarz2021, author = {Schwarz, Dominik and Meyer, Christian and Mushtaq, Ahmad and Winkler, Wolfgang and Waldschmidt, Christian and D\"{u}rr, Andre}, title = {System Performance of a Scalable 79 GHz Imaging MIMO Radar With Injection-Locked LO Feedthrough}, year = {2021}, month = {Oct}, issn = {2692-8388}, DOI = {10.1109/JMW.2021.3100765}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Microwaves}, volume = {1}, pages = {941-949}, number = {4}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2021.3100765} } @Article { 802574475291_2021, author = {Galler, Thomas and Chaloun, Tobias and Mayer, Winfried and Kr\"{o}hnert, Kevin and Ambrosius, Norbert and Schulz-Ruhtenberg, Malte and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Glass Package for Radar MMICs above 150 GHz}, year = {2021}, month = {Nov}, DOI = {10.1109/JMW.2021.3122067}, booktitle = {IEEE Journal of Microwaves}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Microwaves}, pages = {97-107}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2021/2021\_JMW\_Galler\_Glass\_Package\_for\_Radar\_MMICs\_above\_150\_GHz.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 9337316, author = {Tovar Torres, Lizette Lorraine and Steiner, Maximilian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Channel Influence for the Analysis of Interferences Between Automotive Radars}, abstract = {This paper presents the channel influence when simulating interference between automotive radars in realistic scenarios. As a starting point, a simple approach considering only the line-of-sight (LoS) component of the signal transmitted by the interferer radar is presented. Following, the influence of the ground reflections in interference situations is analyzed by introducing the two-path model. Properties of the road surface such as roughness and the Fresnel reflection coefficient are considered in order to obtain a more realistic simulation. A sweep of all the possible ranges between victim and interferer radars is performed, and the influence of the interferer radar is analyzed. Finally, a statistical analysis of the key radar parameters is carried out in order to evaluate the interference behavior in the presented model.}, year = {2021}, month = {Jan}, DOI = {10.1109/EuRAD48048.2021.00075}, booktitle = {2020 17th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {266-269} } @Conference { 9337431, author = {Knill, Christina and Schweizer, Benedikt and Stephany, Simon and Werbunat, David and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {FMCW-Interference of Frequency Agile OFDM Radars}, year = {2021}, reviewed = {1}, DOI = {10.1109/EuRAD48048.2021.00050}, booktitle = {European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {160-163}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_EuRAD\_Knill\_FMCW\_Interference\_of\_Frequency\_Agile\_OFDM\_Radars.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 406889243601_2021, author = {Mueh, Mario and Damm, Christian}, title = {Applications for Broadband Scattering Parameter Measurements using THz Time-Domain Spectrometry}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.1109/ICEAA52647.2021.9539792}, booktitle = {2021 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA)}, pages = {244-244} } @Article { 177091924378_2021, author = {Mueh, Mario and Brandl, Susanne and Hinz, Philipp and Waldschmidt, Christian and Damm, Christian}, title = {Calibration Technique for THz Time-Domain Spectrometers enabling Vectorial Scattering Parameter Measurements}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.1109/LMWC.2021.3062679}, journal = {IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters}, edition = {6}, volume = {31}, pages = {805-807} } @Inproceedings { 9337308, author = {D\"{u}rr, A. and Schneele, B. and Schwarz, D. and Waldschmidt, C.}, title = {Radar Imaging Using Electrically Large Arrays With High Range Resolution at 160 GHz}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.1109/EuRAD48048.2021.00090}, booktitle = {2020 17th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {326-329}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_Eurad\_Duerr\_Radar\_Imaging\_Using\_Electrically\_Large\_Arrays\_With\_High\_Range\_Resolution\_at\_160GHz.pdf} } @Article { 9528384, author = {Schoeder, Pirmin and Janoudi, Vinzenz and Meinecke, Benedikt and Werbunat, David and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Flexible Direction-of-Arrival Simulation for Automotive Radar Target Simulators}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.1109/JMW.2021.3103647}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Microwaves}, volume = {1}, pages = {930-940}, number = {4}, file_url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-38874} } @Inproceedings { 9455286, author = {Grathwohl, Alexander and Hinz, Philipp and Burr, Ralf and Steiner, Maximilian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Experimental Study on the Detection of Avalanche Victims using an Airborne Ground Penetrating Synthetic Aperture Radar}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.18725/OPARU-38541}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf21)}, pages = {1-6}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2021/2021\_RadarConf\_Grathwohl\_Detection\_Avalanche\_Victims.pdf} } @Article { 9405459, author = {Knill, Christina and Embacher, Felix and Schweizer, Benedikt and Stephany, Simon and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Coded OFDM Waveforms for MIMO Radars}, year = {2021}, reviewed = {1}, DOI = {10.1109/TVT.2021.3073268}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology}, pages = {1-1}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2021/2021\_TVT\_Knill\_Coded\_OFDM\_Waveforms\_for\_MIMO\_Radars.pdf} } @Article { 739881185687_2020, author = {Gr\"{u}ner, Patrik and Dorsch, Ines and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {N-Element Biomimetic Antenna Arrays}, abstract = {Modern communication and sensor systems are in need of antenna front-ends providing a high angular resolution. This requirement inherently leads to large and sometimes bulky antenna systems. Biomimetic antenna arrays (BMAAs), however, can provide a high angle estimation performance while occupying little space. The concept adapted from the hearing system of the fly Ormia ochracea has become of great interest recently. While most of the latest works focused on BMAAs with two antenna elements only, this paper presents a comprehensive general theory for designing BMAAs with an arbitrary but even number of antenna elements. A scalable equivalent electrical circuit and an associated modal analysis are presented, and the effects of varying levels of biomimetic coupling are highlighted. The methodology presented in the paper is applied to the design of a BMAA with four antenna elements at 76.5 GHz of which a prototype was fabricated and measured by means of radar measurements.}, year = {2020}, month = {12}, issn = {1558-2221}, DOI = {10.1109/TAP.2020.3044631}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation} } @Article { 890808289471_2020, author = {Geiger, Martin and Gr\"{u}ner, Patrik and Fischer, Michael and D\"{u}rr, Andre and Chaloun, Tobias and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Multimodal Dielectric Waveguide-Based Monopulse Radar at 160 GHz}, year = {2020}, month = {11}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2020.3006530}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, volume = {68}, pages = {4825-4834}, number = {11}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_MTT\_Geiger\_Mulitmodal\_Dielectric\_Waveguide\_Based\_Monopulse\_Radar.pdf} } @Article { 241384561780_2020, author = {Gr\"{u}ner, Patrik and Geiger, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Ultracompact Monostatic MIMO Radar With Nonredundant Aperture}, year = {2020}, month = {11}, reviewed = {1}, issn = {1557-9670}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2020.3006055}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, volume = {68}, pages = {4805-4813}, number = {11}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_MTT\_Gruener\_Ultracompact\_Monostatic\_Radar\_Nonredundant\_Aperture.pdf} } @Article { 237666448394_2020, author = {Bucher, Stephan and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Advanced Noncoherent Detection in Massive MIMO Systems via Digital Beamspace Preprocessing}, year = {2020}, month = {11}, DOI = {https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom1030015}, journal = {MDPI Telecom} } @Inproceedings { 9223910, author = {Werbunat, David and Meinecke, Benedikt and Steiner, Maximilian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Phase Recovery in Sensor Networks Based on Incoherent Repeater Elements}, abstract = {A coherent sensor network without hardware link between the network nodes can be set up based on a single MIMO-radar and several incoherent repeater elements spatially distributed. The repeater sends back the radar signal on the same way it was impinging onto the repeater. All repeater elements have an integrated double-sideband modulator, which allows to separate the signals of different repeater elements at the radar. For angle estimation, the phases of the signals of the repeater elements are crucial, but due to an unknown initial phase of the modulation signal, they cannot be determined directly. Thus, a reconstruction of the modulation phase is necessary for network-based coherent angle estimation. In this paper, a concept for phase reconstruction in such type of networks is proposed, exploiting both sidebands of the modulated signal of the repeater elements.}, year = {2020}, month = {10}, day = {14}, issn = {2576-7216}, DOI = {10.1109/IMS30576.2020.9223910}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS)}, pages = {1149-1152}, keywords = {radar network;repeater;MIMO- radar;FMCW;angle estimation;direction of arrival;phase reconstruction}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_IMS\_Werbunat\_Phase\_Recovery.pdf} } @Article { 9223759, author = {Werbunat, David and Meinecke, Benedikt and Schweizer, Benedikt and Hasch, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {OFDM-Based Radar Network Providing Phase Coherent DOA Estimation}, abstract = {Next-generation radar sensors require imaging capabilities with high angular resolution. As for a single sensor, the aperture, and thus the achievable resolution, is limited due to the constraints of the front end, radar networks consisting of multiple sensors are a possible solution. However, their incoherency usually makes joint angle estimation impossible. This article presents a network concept consisting of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) radar and repeater elements, which receive the reflections from targets and retransmit them back to the radar. Thereby, any frequency conversion from radio frequency to baseband and vice versa is omitted such that the signal remains coherent to the initial transmit signal. To distinguish the bistatic signal transmitted by the repeater from the monostatic one of the OFDM radar, the orthogonal subcarrier structure of OFDM waveforms is exploited by combining a sparse radar transmit signal with a low-frequency modulation in the repeater. This allows to evaluate the bistatic signals at the radar with standard multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)-OFDM signal processing, leading to separate range-Doppler images for each virtual channel. Finally, it is shown that this method offers a coherent angular estimation based on the extended aperture of the network. For this purpose, a method to establish phase coherency by a reconstruction of the modulation phase is presented. The network concept is proved with measurements at 77 GHz.}, year = {2020}, month = {10}, day = {14}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2020.3026041}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, pages = {1-1}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_MTT\_Werbunat\_OFDM-Based\_Radar\_Network\_Providing\_Phase\_Coherent\_DOA\_Estimation.pdf} } @Article { 296892254421_2020, author = {Galler, Thomas and Frey, Thomas and Waldschmidt, Christian and Chaloun, Tobias}, title = {High-Gain Millimeter-Wave Holographic Antenna in Package using Glass Technology}, abstract = {In this paper a holographic glass antenna operating beyond 150 GHz for a hermetically sealed glass package in millimeter-wave sensor applications is presented. This has been verified by the realization and through characterization of the antenna element. The antenna prototype shows excellent agreement between the measured and simulated radiation pattern. The spherical radiation characteristics of the antenna up to elevation angles of 30° has been validated. The measured radiation patterns show a maximum antenna gain of 24.7 dBi, side lobe level of 15 dB, and a 3 dB-beam width of 4.7° which coincides with the simulation results. The novel aspects of glass with holographic antenna concept allows the realization of a large physical aperture using the package surface with low-cost material.}, status = {1}, year = {2020}, month = {09}, day = {10}, DOI = {10.1109/LAWP.2020.3022520}, journal = {Antennas and Wireless Prapagation Letters}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_AWPL\_Galler\_High-Gain\_Millimeter-Wave\_Holographic\_Antenna.pdf} } @Conference { 794243352695_2020, author = {Gr\"{u}ner, Patrik and Klose, Markus and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Radar System Concept for 2D Unambiguous Angle Estimation Using Widely Spaced MMICs with Antennas On-Chip at 150 GHz}, year = {2020}, month = {8}, reviewed = {1}, DOI = {10.1109/IMS30576.2020.9223935}, booktitle = {IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS)}, pages = {1279-1282}, event_place = {Los Angeles, CA}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_IMS\_Gruener\_Radar\_System\_Concept\_2D\_MMICs.pdf} } @Conference { Geiger2020_IMS2, author = {Geiger, Martin and Hitzler, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Mechanically Decoupled Transitions from MMIC to Rectangular and Dielectric Waveguides at G-Band}, year = {2020}, month = {6}, DOI = {10.1109/IMS30576.2020.9223986}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS)}, pages = {964-967}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_IMS\_Geiger\_Mechanically\_Decoupled\_Transitions.PDF} } @Conference { Geiger2020_IMS1, author = {Geiger, Martin and Gut, Simon and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Flexible Radar Front End with Multimodal Transition at 300 GHz}, year = {2020}, month = {6}, DOI = {10.1109/IMS30576.2020.9224051}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS)}, pages = {639-642}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_IMS\_Geiger\_Flexible\_Radar\_Frontend\_with\_Multimodal\_Transition.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 10.1117/12.2556145, author = {Geiger, Martin and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Galler, Thomas and Bandel, Torsten and Ott, Peter and Rech, Wolf-Henning and Walter, Thomas and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A 160-GHz radar sniffer probe for honey bee detection}, year = {2020}, month = {4}, DOI = {10.1117/12.2556145}, organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics}, booktitle = {Passive and Active Millimeter-Wave Imaging XXIII}, volume = {11411}, publisher = {SPIE}, editor = {David A. Wikner and Duncan A. Robertson}, pages = {8 -- 17}, keywords = {flexible radar sensor, radar sniffer probe, dielectric waveguide, lens antenna, MMIC, millimeter wave, chirp-sequence radar, MMIC-to-waveguide transition}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_SPIE\_Geiger\_A\_160-GHz\_radar\_sniffer\_probe\_for\_honey\_bee\_detection.pdf} } @Conference { gruener_gemic_2020, author = {Gr\"{u}ner, Patrik and Schmucker, David and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A New Coupling Network Topology for mm-Wave Biomimetic Antenna Arrays}, year = {2020}, month = {3}, day = {9}, reviewed = {1}, DOI = {10.18725/OPARU-32233}, booktitle = {13th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)}, event_place = {Cottbus}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_GeMiC\_Gruener\_New\_Coupling\_Network\_Topology\_for\_mm-Wave\_BMAAs.pdf} } @Article { 923162352466_2020, author = {Di Serio, Adolfo and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Roos, Fabian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {2D-MIMO Radar: A Method for Array Performance Assessment and Design of a Planar Antenna Array}, year = {2020}, month = {3}, day = {4}, reviewed = {1}, DOI = {10.1109/TAP.2020.2972643}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation}, volume = {68}, pages = {4604-4616}, number = {6}, keywords = {2-D-array ambiguity function multiple input multiple output (MIMO) MIMO radar radar}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_TAP\_Di\_Serio\_2D\_MIMO\_Radar\_A\_Method\_for\_Array\_Performance\_Assessment\_and\_Design\_of\_a\_Planar\_Antenna\_Array.pdf} } @Article { 167453783694_2020, author = {Geiger, Martin and Hitzler, Martin and Mayer, Winfried and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Self-Aligning and Flexible Dielectric Waveguide Plug for MMICs at G-Band}, year = {2020}, month = {3}, issn = {1558-1764}, DOI = {10.1109/LMWC.2020.2970915}, journal = {IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters}, volume = {30}, pages = {261-264}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_MWCL\_Geiger\_Self\_Aligning\_and\_Flexible\_Dielectr\_Waveguide\_Plug.pdf} } @Conference { 245417818072_2020, author = {Bucher, Stephan and Yammine, George and Fischer, Robert F.H. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {On the Impact of Hardware Impairments in Noncoherent Massive MIMO Systems}, year = {2020}, month = {2}, isbn = {978-3-8007-5200-3}, booktitle = {Workshop on Smart Antennas (WSA)}, event_place = {Hamburg}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_WSA\_Bucher\_On\_the\_Impact\_of\_Hardware\_Impairmentin\_Noncoherent\_Massive\_MIMO\_Systems.pdf} } @Article { 129866051594_2020, author = {H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Chaloun, Tobias and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Wideband Differential Microstrip-to-Waveguide Transition for Multilayer PCBs at 120 GHz}, abstract = {A robust and wideband differential microstrip line-to-WR6-waveguide transition for mixed multilayer PCBs at D-band is presented. The PCB stack is composed of three standard RF core materials with standard thicknesses. Compared to other inline transitions above 90 GHz, which are designed for single substrates, it can be applied to mixed multilayer circuits. The tapered transition is only 8.0-mm wide and 2.5-mm long, has an insertion loss between 1.2 and 1.8 dB, and a return loss higher than 10 dB for 30-GHz bandwidth around the center frequency of 120 GHz.}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, day = {3}, reviewed = {1}, issn = {1558-1764}, DOI = {10.1109/LMWC.2019.2958208}, journal = {IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters}, volume = {30}, pages = {170-172}, number = {2}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_MWCL\_Huegler\_A\_Wideband\_Differential\_Microstrip-to-Waveguide\_Transition\_for\_Multilayer\_PCBs\_at\_120GHz.pdf} } @Article { Knill2020, author = {Knill, Christina and Schweizer, Benedikt and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Interference-Robust Processing of OFDM Radar Signals Using Compressed Sensing}, year = {2020}, month = {apr}, issn = {2475-1472}, DOI = {10.1109/LSENS.2020.2980165}, journal = {IEEE Sensors Letters}, volume = {4}, publisher = {IEEE}, pages = {1-4}, number = {4}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_SensorsLetter\_Knill\_Interference\_Robust\_Processing\_OFDM.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 9266318, author = {Tovar Torres, Lizette Lorraine and Roos, Fabian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Simulator Design for Interference Analysis in Complex Automotive Multi-User Traffic Scenarios}, abstract = {Since the number of radar sensors per vehicle has been increasing in order to improve the performance of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, mutual interference has become one of the most important challenges for near future automotive radar systems. Depending on the sensor parameters and the diverse properties of the traffic scenario, the interference effects can significantly vary. The effort to measure and appraise the interference in real traffic scenarios leads to the importance of designing a tool suited to simulate and analyze the interference. This paper presents a fast simulator capable of modeling, estimating, and evaluating the effects of interference in complex multi-user traffic scenarios. A statistical analysis of the interference in a proposed scenario is performed in order to validate the presented simulator.}, year = {2020}, month = {Sep.}, issn = {2375-5318}, DOI = {10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266318}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf20)}, pages = {1-6} } @Inproceedings { Duerr2020_IMS, author = {D\"{u}rr, A. and Schwarz, D. and Waldschmidt, C.}, title = {A System Analysis of Noise Influences on the Imaging Performance of Millimeter Wave MIMO Radars}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.1109/IMS30576.2020.9223862}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS)}, pages = {1019-1022}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_IMS\_Duerr\_A\_System\_Analysis\_Of\_Noise\_Influences\_On\_the\_Imaging\_Performance\_Of\_Millimeter\_Wave\_MIMO\_Radars.pdf} } @Article { 9212402, author = {H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Grebner, Timo and Knill, Christina and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {UAV-Borne 2-D and 3-D Radar-Based Grid Mapping}, abstract = {For unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), grid maps can be a versatile tool for navigation and self-localization. In general, payload is critical for UAVs and every additional sensor limits the flight duration. Due to its robustness and the ability to directly measure velocities, radar sensors are well suited for sense and avoid applications (SAAs) for UAVs. It would be advantageous if these sensor data could be used to generate grid maps instead of mounting additional sensors such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR). This letter demonstrates that using the data from high-resolution multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) imaging radars, high-resolution 2-D and 3-D radar grid maps can be created. The necessary adaption of the sensors free-space model for MIMO radar-based occupancy grid maps is presented in detail. UAV-borne measurements resulting in 2-D and 3-D grid maps with an adequate representation of the environment validate this approach.}, year = {2020}, issn = {1558-0571}, DOI = {10.1109/LGRS.2020.3025109}, journal = {IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters}, pages = {1-5}, keywords = {Radar imaging;Robot sensing systems;Laser radar;Radar measurements;MIMO communication;Radar detection;Frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar;multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar;occupancy grid map (OGM);unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_GRSL\_Huegler\_UAV-Borne\_2-D\_and\_3-D\_Radar-Based\_Grid\_Mapping.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 9323636, author = {Schartel, Markus and Grathwohl, Alexander and Schmid, Christopher and Burr, Ralf and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Tripwire Detection in SAR Images Using a Modified Radon Transform}, abstract = {Anti-personnel fragmentation mines and improvised explosive devices often use metallic wires-so-called tripwires-for the trigger mechanism. Depending on environment and vegetation, these wires are hardly visible. Therefore, an airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) was developed to assist the process of mine clearance. In this work, an algorithm for the detection and localization of tripwires in SAR images is proposed. A modified Radon transform is employed that relies on the SAR phase information. Instead of simply integrating absolute values over a straight line, the complex-valued data is analyzed in the frequency domain. The result in the transformed image is then given by the maximum amplitude within a given frequency range, causing tripwires to clearly separate from clutter. The functionality of this algorithm is successfully demonstrated by measurements of tripwires attached to a dummy mine in wet grass.}, year = {2020}, month = {Sep.}, issn = {2153-7003}, DOI = {10.1109/IGARSS39084.2020.9323636}, booktitle = {IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium}, pages = {746-749}, keywords = {Radar polarimetry;Wires;Radon;Transforms;Synthetic aperture radar;Metals;Location awareness;anti-personnel mine;unmanned aerial system;multicopter;synthetic aperture radar;tripwire;radon transform}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_IGARSS\_Schartel\_Tripwire\_Detection\_in\_SAR\_Images.pdf} } @Article { 9200651, author = {Eisenbeis, J. and Kern, N. and Tingulstad, M. and Oliveira, L. G. and Zwick, T.}, title = {Sparse Array Channel Estimation for Subarray-based Hybrid Beamforming Systems}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.1109/LWC.2020.3025171}, journal = {IEEE Wireless Communications Letters}, pages = {1-1} } @Inproceedings { 764031338059_2020, author = {Mueh, Mario and Hinz, Philipp and Damm, Christian}, title = {Single-substrate Microfluidic Systems on PET Film for mm-Wave Sensors}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.1109/IMBIoC47321.2020.9385043}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Biomedical Conference (IMBioC)}, pages = {1-3} } @Article { 9115272, author = {Steiner, Maximilian and Grebner, Timo and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Millimeter-Wave SAR-Imaging With Radar Networks Based on Radar Self-Localization}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2020.2995225}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, volume = {68}, pages = {4652-4661}, number = {11}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_MTT\_Steiner\_MillimeterWave\_SAR\_Imaging.pdf} } @Article { 9298909, author = {Eisenbeis, J. and Tingulstad, M. and Kern, N. and Kollar, Z. and Kowalewski, J. and Lopez, P. R. and Zwick, T.}, title = {MIMO Communication Measurements in Small Cell Scenarios at 28 GHz}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.1109/TAP.2020.3044394}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation}, pages = {1-1} } @Article { 9239893, author = {Kern, N. and Steiner, M. and Lorenzin, R. and Waldschmidt, C.}, title = {Robust Doppler-Based Gesture Recognition With Incoherent Automotive Radar Sensor Networks}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.1109/LSENS.2020.3033586}, journal = {IEEE Sensors Letters}, volume = {4}, pages = {1-4}, number = {11}, file_url = {https://oparu.uni-ulm.de/xmlui/handle/123456789/44070} } @Article { Duerr2020_MTT, author = {D\"{u}rr, A. and Schneele, B. and Schwarz, D. and Waldschmidt, C.}, title = {Range-Angle Coupling and Near-Field Effects of Very Large Arrays in mm-Wave Imaging Radars}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2020.3022938}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, pages = {1-9}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_MTT\_Duerr\_Range\_Angle\_Coupling\_And\_Near\_Field\_Effects\_of\_Very\_Large\_Arrays\_In\_MM\_Wave\_Imaging\_Radars.pdf} } @Article { 825163641227_2020, author = {Vasanelli, Claudia and Roos, Fabian and D\"{u}rr, Andre and Schlichenmaier, Johannes and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Meinecke, Benedikt and Steiner, Maximilian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Calibration and Direction-of-Arrival Estimation of mm-Wave Radars: A Practical Introduction}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.18725/OPARU-32234}, booktitle = {IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_AP\_Vasanelli\_Calibration\_and\_Direction-of-Arrival\_Estimation\_of\_mm-Wave\_Radars\_A\_Practical\_Introduction.pdf} } @Article { Duerr2019_MTT2, author = {D\"{u}rr, A. and Kramer, R. and Schwarz, D. and Geiger, Martin and Waldschmidt, C.}, title = {Calibration-Based Phase Coherence of Incoherent and Quasi-Coherent 160-GHz MIMO Radars}, abstract = {Imaging radars are usually realized fully coherently. However, the distribution of one common radio frequency signal to all transmit and receive paths requires a high degree of hardware complexity. In order to reduce the hardware effort significantly, a novel phase synchronization method for incoherent and quasi-coherent frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) imaging radars with individual signal synthesis per channel is presented. The quasi-coherent setup uses one common oscillator for all frequency synthesizers. It is shown that in the case of the quasi-coherent system, only a phase difference between the calibration and the measurement has to be corrected to achieve coherence. In comparison, an incoherent system causes additional time, frequency, and FMCW ramp slope errors due to the different behavior of the oscillators. In order to achieve phase coherence and to correct the error sources, a calibration-based method using a defined signal path as part of the radar system is proposed. The imaging radar used for verification of the theory consists of individual single-channel radar monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) at 160 GHz; each MMIC fed by an individual frequency synthesizer. As shown by measurements, it is possible to achieve phase coherence for both system approaches and to perform angle estimation.}, year = {2020}, issn = {1557-9670}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2020.2971187}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, pages = {1-11}, keywords = {Coherence;direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation;imaging radar;millimeter wave radar;multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar;phase noise;synchronization.}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_MTT\_Duerr\_CalibrationBased\_Phase\_Coherence\_Of\_Incoherent\_And\_Quasicoherent\_160GHz\_MIMO\_Radars.pdf} } @Article { Haefner2020_MWCL, author = {H\"{a}fner, S. and D\"{u}rr, A. and Waldschmidt, C. and Thom\"{a}, R.}, title = {Mitigation of Leakage in FMCW Radars by Background Subtraction and Whitening}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.1109/LMWC.2020.3023850}, journal = {IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters}, volume = {30}, pages = {1105-1107}, number = {11}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2020/2020\_MWCL\_Haefner\_Mitigation\_of\_Leakage\_in\_FMCW\_Radars\_By\_Background\_Subtraction\_And\_Whitening.pdf} } @Article { khan_meyer_baur_arafat_waldschmidt, author = {Khan, Osama and Meyer, Johannes and Baur, Klaus and Arafat, Saeed and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Aperture coupled stacked patch thin film antenna for automotive radar at 77 GHz}, year = {2019}, month = {12}, DOI = {10.1017/S1759078719000795}, journal = {International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies}, volume = {11}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, pages = {1061–1068}, number = {10}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2014/2014\_IJMWT\_Khan\_Aperture\_coupled\_stacked\_patch\_thin\_film\_antenna\_for\_automotive\_radar\_at\_77\_GHz.pdf} } @Article { Haefner2019_MTT, author = {H\"{a}fner, S. and D\"{u}rr, A. and Waldschmidt, C. and Thom\"{a}, R.}, title = {Mitigation of RF Impairments of a 160-GHz MMIC FMCW Radar Using Model-Based Estimation}, year = {2019}, month = {12}, issn = {1557-9670}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2019.2950204}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, pages = {1-9}, keywords = {Device model;dirty RF;frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar;Hammerstein model;model-based estimation;nonlinear model.}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_MTT\_Haefner\_Mitigation\_Of\_RF\_Impaiments\_Of\_A\_160GHz\_MMIC\_FMCW\_Radar\_Using\_Model\_Based\_Estimation.pdf} } @Article { 8846724, author = {Bucher, S. and Yammine, G. and Fischer, R. F. H. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Noncoherent Massive MIMO System Employing Beamspace Techniques}, year = {2019}, month = {11}, DOI = {10.1109/TVT.2019.2943223}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology}, volume = {68}, pages = {11052-11063}, number = {11}, keywords = {Lenses;Antenna arrays;Receiving antennas;Base stations;Dielectrics;Array signal processing}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_TVT\_Bucher\_A\_Noncoherent\_Massive\_MIMO\_System\_Employing\_Beamspace\_Techniques.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Roos2019c, author = {Roos, Fabian and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Knill, Christina and Tovar Torres, Lizette Lorraine and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Comparison of 2D and 3D Compressed Sensing for High-Resolution TDM-MIMO Radars}, year = {2019}, month = {10}, day = {04}, reviewed = {1}, booktitle = {European Radar Conference}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_EuMW\_Roos\_Comparison\_of\_2D\_and\_3D\_Compressed\_Sensing\_for\_High\_Resolution\_TDM\_MIMO\_Radars.pdf} } @Inproceedings { meinecke2019instantaneous, author = {Meinecke, Benedikt and Steiner, Maximilian and Schlichenmaier, Johannes and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Instantaneous Target Velocity Estimation Using a Network of a Radar and Repeater Elements}, year = {2019}, month = {10}, booktitle = {16th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, web_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_EuMW\_Meinecke\_Instantaneous\_Target\_Velocity\_Estimation\_Using\_a\_Network\_of\_a\_Radar\_and\_Repeater\_Elements.pdf}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_EuMW\_Meinecke\_Instantaneous\_Target\_Velocity\_Estimation\_Using\_a\_Network\_of\_a\_Radar\_and\_Repeater\_Elements.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Duerr2019, author = {D\"{u}rr, Andre and Schwarz, Dominik and Roos, Fabian and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Bucher, Stephan and Gr\"{u}ner, Patrik and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {On the Calibration of mm-Wave MIMO Radars Using Sparse Antenna Arrays for DoA Estimation}, year = {2019}, month = {10}, booktitle = {European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {349-352}, keywords = {chirp modulation;Doppler radar;radar receivers;radar resolution;road vehicle radar;signal classification;source separation;Doppler resolution enhancement;chirp-sequence modulated radar;automotive radar sensor;target separation;Doppler signature;target classification;signal processing scheme;chirp-sequence modulation;Chirp;Doppler effect;Frequency modulation;Doppler radar}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_EuMW\_Duerr\_On\_The\_Calibration\_Of\_MIMO\_Millimeter\_Wave\_Radars-Using\_Sparse\_Arrays\_For\_DoA\_Estimation.pdf} } @Article { Meinecke2019Coherent, author = {Meinecke, Benedikt and Steiner, Maximilian and Schlichenmaier, Johannes and Hasch, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Coherent Multistatic MIMO Radar Networks Based on Repeater Tags}, year = {2019}, month = {9}, issn = {0018-9480}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2019.2916796}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, volume = {67}, pages = {3908-3916}, number = {9}, keywords = {Bistatic;coherency;compressed sensing(CS);direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation;multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) radar;networks;radar systems;radartransceivers;repeater;sensor.}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_MTT\_Meinecke\_Coherent\_Multistatic\_Radar\_Networks\_Based\_On\_Repeater\_Tags.pdf} } @Inproceedings { vasanelli2019characterization, author = {Vasanelli, Claudia and Meinecke, Benedikt and Mayer, Jonathan and Elsayad, Omar and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Roos, Fabian and Zwick, Thomas and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Characterization of mm-Wave Conformal Antenna Arrays for a 3 × 8 MIMO Radar}, year = {2019}, month = {9}, DOI = {10.1109/ICEAA.2019.8878980}, booktitle = {International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA)}, pages = {167-171}, web_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_ICEAA\_Vasanelli\_Characterization\_of\_mm-Wave\_Conformal\_Antenna\_Arrays\_for\_a\_3x8\_MIMO\_Radar.pdf}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_ICEAA\_Vasanelli\_Characterization\_of\_mm-Wave\_Conformal\_Antenna\_Arrays\_for\_a\_3x8\_MIMO\_Radar.pdf} } @Article { Roos2019c, author = {Roos, Fabian and Bechter, Jonathan and Knill, Christina and Schweizer, Benedikt and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Radar Sensors for Autonomous Driving: Modulation Schemes and Interference Mitigation}, abstract = {Autonomous driving is currently the focus of considerable media attention, and the automotive industry is working on harnessing technological advances to accelerate development. In doing so, different levels of automated driving must be mastered (Table 1) and defined [1]. At higher automation levels, the execution, monitoring, and fallback performance are increasingly handled by the system and not the human driver, resulting in more demanding requirements for the sensor system. As shown in [2], radar sensors are a key technology to enable Society of Automotive Engineers level 5, full automation.}, year = {2019}, month = {9}, issn = {1527-3342}, DOI = {10.1109/MMM.2019.2922120}, journal = {IEEE Microwave Magazine}, volume = {20}, pages = {58-72}, number = {9}, keywords = {Autonomous vehicles;Radar;Automotive engineering;Advanced driver assistance systems;Vehicle driving}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_MTTMag\_Roos\_Radar\_Sensors\_for\_Autonomous\_Driving\_Modulation\_Schemes\_and\_Interference\_Mitigation.pdf} } @Conference { 150946259806_2019, author = {D\"{u}rr, Andre and Schweizer, Benedikt and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Leakage Phase Noise Mitigation for Monostatic FMCW Radar Sensors Using Carrier Transmission}, year = {2019}, month = {6}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_IMS\_Duerr\_Leakage\_Phase\_Noise\_Mitigation\_For\_Monostatic\_FMCW\_Radar\_Sensors\_Using\_Carrier\_Transmission.pdf} } @Article { 2019_Geiger_MDPI, author = {Geiger, Martin and Wegner, Christian and Mayer, Winfried and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Wideband Dielectric Waveguide-Based 160-GHz Radar Target Generator}, year = {2019}, month = {06}, issn = {1424-8220}, DOI = {10.3390/s19122801}, journal = {Sensors}, volume = {19}, number = {12}, web_url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2801}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_MDPISensors\_Geiger\_A\_Wideband\_Dielectric-Based\_160-GHz\_Radar\_Target\_Generator.pdf} } @Conference { Gruener_IMS_2019, author = {Gr\"{u}ner, Patrik and Chaloun, Tobias and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Enhancing Angle Estimation Accuracy of Ultra Compact Two-Channel Radar MMICs at 160 GHz Using a Biomimetic Antenna Array}, year = {2019}, month = {6}, DOI = {10.18725/OPARU-19349}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_IMS\_Gruener\_Enhancing\_Angle\_Estimation\_Accuracy\_of\_Ultra\_Compact\_Two-Channel\_Radar\_MMICs.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 8733897, author = {Heinzel, Andreas and Schartel, Markus and Burr, Ralf and Bahnemann, Rik and Schreiber, Eric and Peichl, Markus and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A comparison of ground-based and airborne SAR systems for the detection of landmines, UXO, and IEDs}, year = {2019}, month = {5}, DOI = {10.1117/12.2518587}, booktitle = {Radar Sensor Technology XXIII}, volume = {11003}, pages = {9-17}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_SPIE\_Heinzel\_A\_comparison\_of\_ground-based\_and\_airborne\_SAR\_systems\_for\_the\_detection\_of\_landmines\_UXO\_and\_IEDs.pdf} } @Article { Knill2019, author = {Knill, Christina and Roos, Fabian and Schweizer, Benedikt and Schindler, Daniel and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Random Multiplexing for an MIMO-OFDM Radar With Compressed Sensing-Based Reconstruction}, abstract = {In many applications, the direction of arrival information of the radar signal plays a decisive role in target localization. A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar allows to obtain the position of an object in space within one measurement frame. Recent research and publications verify the high potential of digital radar principles such as orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). In this letter, a MIMO-OFDM approach based on random frequency- and time-division multiplexing is presented. It is enhanced by a multidimensional compressed sensing method that utilizes the information of multiple channels. The approach is validated and compared to other MIMO-OFDM approaches using measurements of an experimental radar at 72.5 GHz.}, year = {2019}, month = {4}, issn = {1531-1309}, DOI = {10.1109/LMWC.2019.2901405}, journal = {IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters}, volume = {29}, pages = {300--302}, number = {4}, keywords = {OFDM;Radar;Frequency division multiplexing;MIMO communication;Transmitters;Time division multiplexing;Signal to noise ratio;Carrier interleaving;compressed sensing (CS);frequency-division multiplexing (FDM);multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO);orthogonal FDM (OFDM);radar;time-division multiplexing (TDM).}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_MWCL\_Knill\_Random\_Multiplexing\_MIMO\_OFDM.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 8726765, author = {Schlichenmaier, Johannes and Roos, Fabian and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Clustering of Closely Adjacent Extended Objects in Radar Images using Velocity Profile Analysis}, year = {2019}, month = {4}, reviewed = {1}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2019.8726765}, booktitle = {2019 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {Automobiles;Wheels;Radar imaging;Clustering algorithms;Sensors;Radar measurements}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_ICMIM\_Schlichenmaier\_Clustering\_Velocity\_Profile.pdf} } @Inproceedings { ishak2019radar, author = {Ishak, Karim and Zafar, Zeeshan and Steiner, Maximilian and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Radar Measurement Setup with a Ground Truth System for Micro-Doppler Human Movements}, year = {2019}, month = {04}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2019.8726509}, organization = {IEEE}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)}, pages = {1-4} } @Article { 8684275, author = {D\"{u}rr, Andre and Schwarz, Dominik and H\"{a}fner, Stephan and Geiger, Martin and Roos, Fabian and Hitzler, Martin and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Thom\"{a}, Reiner and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {High-Resolution 160-GHz Imaging MIMO Radar Using MMICs With On-Chip Frequency Synthesizers}, year = {2019}, month = {4}, issn = {0018-9480}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2019.2906176}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, volume = {67}, pages = {3897-3907}, number = {9}, keywords = {Frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar;imaging radar;mm-wave radar;multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar;phase noise (PN);sparse antenna arrays.}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_MTT\_Duerr\_HighResolution\_160GHz\_ImagingRadar.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 8443509, author = {Steiner, Maximilian and Grebner, Timo and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Chirp-Sequence-Based Imaging Using a Network of Distributed Single-Channel Radar Sensors}, year = {2019}, month = {04}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2019.8726699}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_ICMIM\_Chirp-Sequence-Based\_Imaging\_Using\_a\_Network\_of\_Distributed\_Single-Channel\_Radar\_Sensors.pdf} } @Conference { Roos2019a, author = {Roos, Fabian and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Tovar Torres, Lizette Lorraine and Knill, Christina and Schlichenmaier, Johannes and Vasanelli, Claudia and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Compressed Sensing based Single Snapshot DoA Estimation for Sparse MIMO Radar Arrays}, year = {2019}, month = {3}, day = {25}, DOI = {10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698136}, booktitle = {German Microwave Conference}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_GeMiC\_Roos\_Compressed\_Sensing\_based\_Single\_Snapshot\_DoA\_Estimation\_for\_Sparse\_MIMO\_Radar\_Arrays.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Huegler2019, author = {H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Zaky, Mohamad and Roos, Michael and Strehle, Steffen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Optically Transparent Patch Antennas at 77 GHz Using Meshed Aluminum}, abstract = {A process to realize optically transparent patch antennas with double-sided aluminum metalization of meshed structures on fused silica is presented in this paper. For cost-saving manufacturing, aluminum is used as metalization and wire-bonding is chosen as an industry standard RF interconnection technique. Despite the fact that aluminum has a lower conductivity compared to silver or gold, 64 {\%} and 81 {\%} transparent antennas at 77 GHz with 4.4 dBi and 3.7 dBi gain respectively were realized.}, year = {2019}, month = {3}, issn = {2167-8022}, DOI = {10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698175}, booktitle = {12th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)}, pages = {186-189}, keywords = {Antenna measurements;Frequency measurement;Patch antennas;Gain;Glass;Gain measurement;patch antennas;transparent antenna;millimeter wave technology;fused silica}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_GeMiC\_Huegler-Optically\_Transparent\_Patch\_Antennas\_at\_77\_GHz\_Using\_Meshed\_Aluminum.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 907990471741_2019, author = {Burr, Ralf and Schartel, Markus and Mayer, Winfried and Walter, Thomas and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A broadband UAV-Based FMCW GPR and the Influence of Vegetation}, abstract = {Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the tools supporting mine detection. In this contribution a wide-band frequency-modulated-continuous wave (FMCW) GPR operating in the frequency band from 0.6 GHz to 4.6 GHz in a bistatic configuration is presented. The frequency synthesis is realized using a broadband voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) in a higher frequency band and mixed down to the desired frequency band. The radar including antennas is integrated on a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In measurements the effect of vegetation and the frequency dependence is investigated.}, year = {2019}, month = {3}, reviewed = {1}, DOI = {10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698145}, booktitle = {12th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)}, pages = {210-213}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_GeMiC\_Burr\_A\_broadband\_UAV-Based\_FMCW\_GPR\_and\_the\_Influence\_of\_Vegetation.pdf} } @Article { gruener_TAP_biomimetic_2018, author = {Gr\"{u}ner, Patrik and Chaloun, Tobias and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Generalized Model for Two-Element Biomimetic Antenna Arrays}, year = {2019}, month = {3}, DOI = {10.18725/OPARU-11868}, journal = { IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation}, volume = {67}, pages = {1630-1639}, number = {03}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_TAP\_Gruener\_Generalized\_Model\_BMAA.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 8698131, author = {Steiner, Maximilian and S. Osman, Karim and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Cooperative Target Detection in a Network of Single-Channel Radar Sensors}, year = {2019}, month = {3}, issn = {2167-8022}, DOI = {10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698131}, booktitle = {12th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)}, pages = {91-94}, keywords = {motion estimation;object detection;radar antennas;radar detection;radar receivers;road vehicle radar;single snapshot motion estimation;single-channel radar sensors;single scattering points;target detection;target localization;radar measurements;automotive sensor networks;spatial distribution;frequency 77.0 GHz;Sensors;Signal to noise ratio;Radar;Automobiles;Robustness;Clutter;Object detection}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/GeMic\_Steiner\_Cooperative\_Target\_Detection\_in\_a\_Network\_of\_Single-Channel\_Radar\_Sensors.pdf} } @Conference { YammineBF2019, author = {Yammine, George and Bucher, Stephan and Fischer, Robert F.H.}, title = {Noncoherent Detection for an EM-Lens-Enabled Massive MIMO System}, year = {2019}, month = {2}, DOI = {10.30420/454862030}, booktitle = {International ITG Conference on Systems, Communications and Coding (SCC)}, file_url = { https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_SCC\_Bucher\_Noncoherent\_Detection\_for\_an\_EM\_Lens\_Enabled\_Massive\_MIMO\_System.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Roos2019, author = {Roos, Fabian and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Bechter, Jonathan and Razzaq, Muhammad Ahsan and Knill, Christina and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Effort Considerations of Compressed Sensing for Automotive Radar}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, day = {21}, booktitle = {Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_RWW\_Roos\_Effort\_Considerations\_of\_Compressed\_Sensing\_for\_Automotive\_Radar.pdf} } @Conference { 587151637294_2019, author = {Galler, Thomas and Chaloun, Tobias and Kr\"{o}hnert, Kevin and Schulz-Ruhtenberg, Malte and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Hermetically Sealed Glass Package for Highly Integrated MMICs}, year = {2019}, month = {Oct}, DOI = {10.23919/EuMC.2019.8910813}, booktitle = {2019 49th European Microwave Conference (EuMC)}, pages = {292-295}, keywords = {hermetic seals ;integrated circuit interconnections; integrated circuit packaging; laser beam etching; MMIC;}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_EuMC\_Galler\_Hermetically\_Sealed\_Glass\_Package\_for\_Highly\_Integrated\_MMICs.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Burr2019a, author = {Burr, Ralf and Schartel, Markus and Mayer, Winfried and Walter, Thomas and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {UAV-Based Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar for Mine Detection}, year = {2019}, month = {July}, issn = {2153-6996}, DOI = {10.1109/IGARSS.2019.8900030}, booktitle = {IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium}, pages = {9208-9211}, keywords = {autonomous aerial vehicles;radar cross-sections;radar polarimetry;remote sensing by radar;remotely operated vehicles;synthetic aperture radar;uav-based polarimetric synthetic aperture radar;mine detection;polarimetric side-looking synthetic aperture radar;unmanned aerial vehicle;anti-personal mine;PFM-1;elongated aluminium rod;anisotropic geometries;polarization dependend radar cross section;polarimetric SAR measurements;anisotropic objects;polarimetric measurements;robust detection;Synthetic aperture radar;Radar polarimetry;Ground penetrating radar;Metals;Trajectory;Unmanned aerial vehicles;Anti-personnel mine;frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar;polarimetric synthetic aperture radar;unmanned aerial vehicle.}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_IGARSS\_Burr\_UAV-Based\_Polarimetric\_Synthetic\_Aperture\_Radar\_for\_Mine\_Detection.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 8904764, author = {Steiner, M. and Keller, M. and Gei\"{s}, J. and Vossiek, M. and Waldschmidt, C.}, title = {Synchronization of Radar Sensors in a Network Based on Inter-Sensor Interference}, year = {2019}, month = {Oct}, issn = {null}, booktitle = {2019 16th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {229-232}, keywords = {chirp modulation;distributed sensors;millimetre wave radar;radar interference;radar receivers;synchronisation;radar sensors network synchronization;inter-sensor interference;multistatic target responses;chirp-sequence modulation scheme;free running initial measurements;sensor time shift;EHF radar;frequency 77 GHz}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_EuMW\_Steiner\_Synchronization\_of\_Radar\_Sensors\_in\_a\_Network\_Based\_on\_Inter-Sensor\_Interference.pdf} } @Conference { 590706351437_2019, author = {Kr\"{o}hnert, Kevin and W\"{o}hrmann, Markus and Galler, Thomas and Chaloun, Tobias and Waldschmidt, Christian and Schulz-Ruhtenberg, Malte and Ambrosius, Norbert and Ostholt, Roman}, title = {Through Glass Vias for a hermetically sealed high frequency application}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan}, DOI = {10.4071/2380-4491-2019-DPC-Presentation\_TA1\_011}, booktitle = {Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, \\& CICMT)}, pages = {125-140} } @Article { 2019_Geiger, author = {Geiger, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {160-GHz Radar Proximity Sensor With Distributed and Flexible Antennas for Collaborative Robots}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, issn = {2169-3536}, DOI = {10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2891909}, journal = {IEEE Access}, volume = {7}, pages = {14977-14984}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_Access\_Geiger\_160-GHz\_Radar\_Proximity\_Sensor\_with\_distributed\_and\_flexible\_antennas\_for\_collaborative\_robots.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 8768172, author = {Schartel, Markus and Baehnemann, Rik and Burr, Ralf and Mayer, Winfried and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Position Acquisition for a Multicopter-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar}, year = {2019}, month = {June}, issn = {2155-5745}, DOI = {10.23919/IRS.2019.8768172}, booktitle = {2019 20th International Radar Symposium (IRS)}, pages = {1-7}, keywords = {autonomous aerial vehicles;Global Positioning System;ground penetrating radar;landmine detection;radar imaging;remotely operated vehicles;satellite navigation;synthetic aperture radar;metal detector;technical tool;humanitarian demining;multicopter-based synthetic aperture radar;processed SAR image;associated signal processing chain;UAS-based synthetic aperture radar image processing;time kinematic global navigation satellite system;accurate position acquisition;unmanned aerial system;mine clearance;hand-held devices;Global navigation satellite system;Synthetic aperture radar;Synchronization;Radar antennas;Sensors;Radar polarimetry}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_IRS\_Schartel\_Position\_Acquisition\_for\_a\_Multicopter-Based\_Synthetic\_Aperture\_Radar.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 130796784116_2019, author = {Ishak, Karim and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Advanced Radar Micro-Doppler Simulation Environment for Human Motion Applications}, year = {2019}, web_url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8835755} } @Article { 8733867, author = {Schartel, M. and Burr, R. and Mayer, W. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Airborne Tripwire Detection Using a Synthetic Aperture Radar}, year = {2019}, issn = {1545-598X}, DOI = {10.1109/LGRS.2019.2917917}, journal = {IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters}, pages = {1-5}, keywords = {Chirp;Synthetic aperture radar;Radar imaging;Wires;Antennas;Radar cross-sections;Antipersonnel (AP) mine;frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar;multicopter;synthetic aperture radar (SAR);tripwire;unmanned aerial system (UAS).}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2019/2019\_GRSL\_Schartel\_Airborne\_Tripwire\_Detection\_Using\_a\_Synthetic\_Aperture\_Radar.pdf} } @Article { Huegler2018a, author = {H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Roos, Fabian and Schartel, Markus and Geiger, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Radar Taking Off: New Capabilities for UAVs}, abstract = {Modern consumer and industrial unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are easy-to-use flying sensor platforms. They offer stable flight, good maneuverability, hovering, and even waypoint flights in autopilot mode. For stabilization and localization, sensors such as inertial measurement units (IMUs)-including gyroscopes and accelerometers-barometric sensors, and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) are used. To sense the UAV?s direct environment, e.g., for collision avoidance or fully automated flight, additional sensors are needed. State-of-the-art combinations of infrared, ultrasonic, and vision-based sensors (monocular and/or stereo vision) capture the close vicinity. Using radar sensors is advantageous, as they are able to directly sense range and velocity and are not affected by lighting conditions and contrast. With the help of a multichannel radar, the angular information may also be extracted.}, year = {2018}, month = {11}, issn = {1527-3342}, DOI = {10.1109/MMM.2018.2862558}, journal = {IEEE Microwave Magazine}, volume = {19}, pages = {43-53}, number = {7}, keywords = {Radar imaging;Radar measurements;Radar antennas;Collision avoidance;Radar detection;Transmitters}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_MwM\_Huegler\_Radar\_Taking\_Off.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Iqbal18, author = {Iqbal, Hasan and Schartel, Markus and Roos, Fabian and Urban, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Implementation of a SAR Demonstrator for Automotive Imaging}, year = {2018}, month = {10}, day = {1}, booktitle = {Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS), Istanbul}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_MMS\_Iqbal\_Implementation\_of\_a\_SAR\_Demonstrator\_for\_Automotive\_Imaging.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 8546552, author = {Burr, R. and Schartel, M. and Mayer, W. and Walter, T. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Lightweight Broadband Antennas for UAV based GPR Sensors}, year = {2018}, month = {9}, day = {27}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD.2018.8546552}, booktitle = {2018 15th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {245-248}, keywords = {Broadband antennas;Dipole antennas;Ground penetrating radar;Antenna measurements;Radar antennas;Horn antennas;Ground penetrating radar;ultra wideband antennas;dispersion;unmanned aerial vehicles}, file_url = { https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_EURAD\_Burr\_Lightweight\_Broadband\_Antennas\_for\_UAV\_based\_GPR\_Sensors.pdf} } @Inproceedings { lowRCS_sensor, author = {Vasanelli, Claudia and Baur, Klaus and Nezadal, Martin and Gulan, Heiko and Steiner, Maximilian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Characterization of a mm-Wave Automotive Radar with a Low-RCS MIMO Antenna System}, year = {2018}, month = {9}, day = {4}, DOI = {10.1109/CAMA.2018.8530536}, booktitle = {IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurement and Applications (CAMA)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_CAMA\_Vasanelli\_lowRCS\_sensor.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Huegler2018b, author = {H\"{u}gler, P. and Driemeyer, B. and Chaloun, T. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {122 GHz Monostatic Radar Altimeter for Automated UAV Landing}, abstract = {Landing maneuvers are critical tasks for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and need very precise information on the altitude above ground level (AGL). Radar is a suitable technology for this application, because it can not only sense the altitude AGL but also the rate of descent. In addition, obstacles or unsuitable terrain for landing can be detected. With the 122 GHz monostatic radar sensor presented in this paper, high bandwidth can be achieved in order to obtain range resolution in the single digit cm-range. Measurements are performed for different bandwidths to verify the concept.}, year = {2018}, month = {9}, DOI = {10.1109/ICEAA.2018.8520430}, booktitle = {International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications}, pages = {161-164}, keywords = {Bandwidth;Telemetry;Radar measurements;Unmanned aerial vehicles;Radar tracking;Gain}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_ICEAA\_Huegler-122\_GHz\_Monostatic\_Radar\_Altimeter\_for\_Automated\_UAV\_Landing.pdf} } @Article { HitzlerGBMW2018, author = {Hitzler, Martin and Gr\"{u}ner, Patrik and Boehm, Linus and Mayer, Winfried and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {On Monostatic and Bistatic System Concepts for mm-Wave Radar MMICs}, year = {2018}, month = {9}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2018.2854169}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, volume = {66}, pages = {4204-4215}, number = {9}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_MTT\_Hitzler\_On\_Monostatic\_and\_Bistatic\_System\_Concepts\_for\_mm-Wave\_Radar\_MMICs.pdf} } @Article { Knill2018a, author = {Knill, Christina and Schweizer, Benedikt and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Impact of an Automotive Chirp-Sequence Interferer on a Wideband OFDM Radar}, year = {2018}, month = {9}, isbn = {9782874870538}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD.2018.8546524}, journal = {2018 15th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {34--37}, keywords = {automotive radar,interference,ofdm radar,radar measurements,signal processing}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_EuMW\_Knill\_Impact\_of\_an\_Automotive\_Chirp\_Sequence\_Interferer\_on\_a\_Wideband\_OFDM\_Radar.pdf} } @Conference { GruenerEuMW2018, author = {Gr\"{u}ner, Patrik and Nguyen, Son and Chaloun, Tobias and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Enhancing Angle Estimation for Off-Boresight Targets Using Biomimetic Antenna Arrays}, year = {2018}, month = {9}, DOI = {10.18725/OPARU-9864}, booktitle = {48th European Microwave Conference (EuMC)}, pages = {1377-1380}, event_place = {Madrid}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_EuMW\_Gruener\_Enhancing\_Angle\_Estimation\_for\_Off-Boresight\_Targets\_Using\_Biomimetic\_Antenna\_Arrays.pdf} } @Conference { Bucher2018a, author = {Bucher, Stephan and Ragab, Ahmed and Yammine, George and Fischer, Robert F. H. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Antenna Design For Noncoherent Massive MIMO Systems}, year = {2018}, month = {8}, DOI = {10.1109/ISWCS.2018.8491104}, booktitle = {International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)}, event_place = {Lisbon}, keywords = {Base stations;MIMO communication;Antenna radiation patterns;Channel models;Impedance;Dipole antennas}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_ISWCS\_Bucher\_Antenna\_Design\_for\_Noncoherent\_Massive\_MIMO\_Systems.pdf} } @Article { 8372630, author = {Knill, Christina and Schweizer, Benedikt and Sparrer, Susanne and Roos, Fabian and F. H. Fischer, Robert and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {High Range and Doppler Resolution by Application of Compressed Sensing Using Low Baseband Bandwidth OFDM Radar}, year = {2018}, month = {7}, issn = {0018-9480}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2018.2830389}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, volume = {66}, pages = {3535-3546}, number = {7}, keywords = {Baseband;Frequency measurement;Narrowband;OFDM;Radar;Signal resolution;Approximate message passing (AMP);automotive radar;compressed sensing (CS);orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM);sparse signal processing;sub-Nyquist sampling.}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_MTT\_Knill\_High\_Range\_and\_Doppler\_Resolution\_by\_Compressed\_Sensing\_Using\_OFDM\_Radar.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Bechter2018, author = {Bechter, Jonathan and Demirlika, Amarilda and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Roos, Fabian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Blind Adaptive Beamforming for Automotive Radar Interference Suppression}, year = {2018}, month = {6}, day = {21}, booktitle = {International Radar Symposium}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_IRS\_Bechter\_Blind\_Adaptive\_Beamforming\_for\_Automotive\_Radar\_Interference\_Suppression.pdf} } @Conference { Geiger2018_IMS, author = {Geiger, Martin and Schlotthauer, Denis and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Improved Throat Vibration Sensing with a Flexible 160-GHz Radar through Harmonic Generation}, year = {2018}, month = {6}, DOI = {10.1109/MWSYM.2018.8439458}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium}, pages = {123-126}, event_place = {Philadelphia}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_IMS\_Geiger\_Improved\_Throat\_Vibration\_Sensing\_with\_a\_Flexible\_160-GHz\_Radar\_through\_Harmonic\_Generation.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Roos2018b, author = {Roos, Fabian and Bechter, Jonathan and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Enhancement of Doppler Unambiguity for Chirp-Sequence Modulated TDM-MIMO Radars}, year = {2018}, month = {4}, day = {16}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_ICMIM\_Roos\_Enhancement\_Doppler\_Unambiguioty\_Chirp\_Sequence\_Modulated\_TDM\_MIMO\_Radars.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 8443526, author = {Burr, R. and Schartel, M. and Schmidt, P. and Mayer, W. and Walter, T. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Design and Implementation of a FMCW GPR for UAV-based Mine Detection}, year = {2018}, month = {4}, day = {16}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2018.8443526}, booktitle = {2018 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {Ground penetrating radar;Radar antennas;Antenna measurements;Radar measurements;Frequency synthesizers;Receivers}, file_url = { https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_ICMIM\_Burr\_Design\_and\_Implementation\_of\_a\_FMCW\_GPR\_for\_UAV-based\_Mine\_Detection.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 8443503, author = {Schartel, M. and Burr, R. and Mayer, W. and Docci, N. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {UAV-Based Ground Penetrating Synthetic Aperture Radar}, year = {2018}, month = {4}, day = {16}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2018.8443503}, booktitle = {2018 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {Synthetic aperture radar;Ground penetrating radar;Radar antennas;Radar cross-sections;Spaceborne radar;Radar imaging}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_ICMIM\_Schartel\_UAV-Based\_Ground\_Penetrating\_Synthetic\_Aperture\_Radar.pdf} } @Inproceedings { lowRCS_MIMO, author = {Vasanelli, Claudia and B\"{o}gelsack, Frank and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Complex Low-RCS Antenna System for the Placement of mm-Wave Automotive Radars Behind Car Bumpers}, abstract = {Automotive radars are one of the key sensor technologies to develop reliable fully-automated cars. They are usually installed behind the bumper of the vehicle and therefore, multiple reflections can occur. The multiple reflections can be mitigated with the use of low-RCS (radar cross-section) antenna arrays. This paper presents the design of a complex low-RCS multiple antenna system that mimics a typical MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) configuration. A prototype has been developed and tested. Approximately 17 dB of RCS reduction has been experimentally achieved. The measurement results show that the use of such a low-RCS antenna system can successfully reduce the amplitude of multiple reflections.}, year = {2018}, month = {4}, booktitle = {12th Europ. Conf. Antennas Propag. (EuCAP)}, address = {London, United Kingdom (Great Britain)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_EuCAP\_Vasanelli\_Complex\_Low\_RCS\_Antenna\_System.pdf} } @Conference { 8335039, author = {Schartel, Markus and Burr, Ralf and Schoeder, Pirmin and Rossi, Gilberto and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Mayer, Winfried and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Radar-Based Altitude over Ground Estimation of UAVs}, year = {2018}, month = {3}, day = {13}, DOI = {10.23919/GEMIC.2018.8335039}, booktitle = {German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)}, pages = {103-106}, keywords = {Global navigation satellite system;Laser radar;Radar antennas;Radar imaging;Radar measurements;Radar tracking}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_GeMiC\_Schartel\_Radar-Based\_Altitude\_over\_Ground\_Estimation\_of\_UAVs.pdf} } @Conference { Bucher2018, author = {Bucher, Stephan and Yammine, George and Fischer, Robert F. H. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Influence of Channel Parameters on Noncoherent Massive MIMO Systems}, year = {2018}, month = {3}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4541-8}, booktitle = {International ITG Workshop on Smart Antennas (WSA)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_WSA\_Bucher\_Influence\_of\_channel\_parameters\_on\_noncoherent\_massive\_MIMO\_systems.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Roos2018a, author = {Roos, Fabian and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Knill, Christina and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Data Rate Reduction for Chirp-Sequence based Automotive Radars using Compressed Sensing}, year = {2018}, month = {3}, booktitle = {German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_GeMiC\_Roos\_Data\_Reduction\_Chirp\_Sequence\_based\_Automotive\_Radars\_Compressed\_Sensing.pdf} } @Article { 8262630, author = {Vasanelli, C. and B\"{o}gelsack, F. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Reducing the Radar Cross-Section of Microstrip Arrays Using AMC Structures for the Vehicle Integration of Automotive Radars}, year = {2018}, month = {3}, issn = {0018-926X}, DOI = {10.1109/TAP.2018.2794410}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation}, volume = {66}, pages = {1456-1464}, number = {3}, keywords = {metamaterials;microstrip antenna arrays;millimeter wave radar;radar cross-section}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_TAP\_Vasanelli\_Reducing\_RCS\_Vehicle\_Integration.pdf} } @Article { Duerr2018_letter, author = {D\"{u}rr, Andre and Schweizer, Benedikt and Bechter, Jonathan and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Phase Noise Mitigation for Multistatic FMCW Radar Sensor Networks Using Carrier Transmission}, abstract = {For incoherent radar sensor networks, it is desirable to perform both monostatic and bistatic distance measurements. Especially, the bistatic measurements enable to achieve additional information about a target. As for bistatic measurements, different local oscillators are used for system operation, the phase noise (PN) at the receiving (RX) sensor node is uncorrelated to the PN of the transmitter (TX). This effect usually degrades the signal-to-noise ratio for bistatic measurements in comparison to the monostatic measurements. This letter briefly discusses the problem of PN correlation in bistatic distance measurements and proposes a novel system approach that mitigates phase errors between TX and RX oscillators. The proposed concept is mathematically derived and proven with measurements using a radar demonstrator at 77 GHz.}, year = {2018}, issn = {1531-1309}, DOI = {10.1109/LMWC.2018.2878983}, journal = {IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters}, pages = {1-3}, keywords = {Radio frequency;Baseband;Correlation;Radar measurements;Millimeter wave radar;Signal to noise ratio;FMCW radar;millimeter wave radar;multistatic radar;novel radar system;phase locked loop (PLL);phase noise (PN).}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_MWCL\_Duerr\_Phase\_Noise\_Mitigation\_for\_Multistatic\_FMCW\_Radar\_Sensor\_Networks\_Using\_Carrier\_Transmission.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Huegler2018, author = {H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Geiger, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {77 GHz Radar-Based Altimeter for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles}, abstract = {For multi-copter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) sensing of the actual altitude is an important task. Many functions providing increased ?ight safety and easy maneuverability rely on altitude data. Commonly used sensors provide the altitude only relative to the starting position, or are limited in range and/or resolution. With the 77 GHz FMCW radar-based altimeter presented in this paper not only the actual altitude over ground but also obstacles such as trees and bushes can be detected. The capability of this solution is verfied by measurements over different terrain and vegetation.}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, issn = {2164-2974}, DOI = {10.1109/RWS.2018.8304965}, booktitle = {Radio Wireless Week}, address = {Anaheim, CA, USA}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_RWW\_PH\_77GHz\_Radar-Based\_Altimeter\_for\_Unmanned\_Aerial\_Vehicles.pdf} } @Article { 2018_Stolz_DirectionOfMovement, author = {Stolz, Martin and Li, Mingkang and Feng, Zhaofei and Kunert, Martin and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Direction of Movement Estimation of Cyclists with a High-Resolution Automotive Radar}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2018.8443357}, journal = {ICMIM}, pages = {1-4}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_ICMIM\_Direction\_of\_Movement\_Estimation.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 8439179, author = {Schweizer, Benedikt and Schindler, Daniel and Knill, Christina and Hasch, Juergen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {On Hardware Implementations of Stepped-Carrier OFDM Radars}, year = {2018}, issn = {2576-7216}, DOI = {10.1109/MWSYM.2018.8439179}, booktitle = {2018 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS}, pages = {891-894}, keywords = {OFDM;Phase noise;Frequency modulation;Transient analysis;Time-frequency analysis;Signal to noise ratio;Phase locked loops;frequency-agility;OFDM;phase noise;PLL;radar;stepped carrier;transient behavior}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_IMS\_Schweizer\_On\_Hardware\_Implementations\_of\_Stepped-Carrier\_OFDM\_Radars.pdf} } @Article { 8053909, author = {Schweizer, Benedikt and Knill, Christina and Schindler, Daniel and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Stepped-Carrier OFDM-Radar Processing Scheme to Retrieve High-Resolution Range-Velocity Profile at Low Sampling Rate}, year = {2018}, issn = {0018-9480}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2017.2751463}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, volume = {66}, pages = {1610-1618}, number = {3}, keywords = {OFDM modulation;radar resolution;radar signal processing;road vehicle radar;signal sampling;stepped-carrier OFDM-radar processing scheme;high-resolution range-velocity profile;low sampling rate;radar signals;range migration compensation;orthogonal frequency division multiplexing;automotive radars;RF signal bandwidth;baseband bandwidth;ADC;frequency 77.0 GHz;OFDM;Bandwidth;Radio frequency;Frequency modulation;Radar;Doppler effect;Frequency-domain analysis;Automotive radar;high range resolution;orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM);processing scheme;range migration;stepped-carrier;stepped-frequency;velocity compensation}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_MTT\_Schweizer\_Stepped-Carrier\_OFDM-Radar\_Processing\_Scheme\_to\_Retrieve\_High-Resolution\_Range-Velocity\_Profile\_at\_Low\_Sampling\_Rate.pdf} } @Article { mueh2018towards, author = {Knie\"{s}, Robert and Wagner, Carolin B and G\"{o}ringer, H Ulrich and Mueh, Mario and Damm, Christian and Sawallich, Simon and Chmielak, Bartos and Plachetka, Ulrich and Lemme, Max}, title = {Towards the Development of THz-Sensors for the Detection of African Trypanosomes}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.1515/freq-2018-0011}, journal = {Frequenz}, volume = {72}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, pages = {101--111}, number = {3-4} } @Inproceedings { Roos2018, author = {Roos, Fabian and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Waveform Multiplexing using Chirp Rate Diversity for Chirp-Sequence based MIMO Radar Systems}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, DOI = {10.1109/RWS.2018.8304946}, booktitle = {Radio Wireless Week}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_RWW\_RS\_Waveform\_Multiplexing\_using\_Chirp\_Rate\_Diversity\_for\_Chirp\_Sequence\_based\_MIMO\_Radar\_Systems.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 8428893, author = {Mueh, Mario and Damm, Christian}, title = {Spurious Material Detection on Functionalized Thin-Film Sensors using Multiresonant Split-Rings}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.1109/IMBIOC.2018.8428893}, booktitle = {2018 IEEE International Microwave Biomedical Conference (IMBioC)}, pages = {196-198}, keywords = {Sensors;Sensitivity;Permittivity;Surface treatment;Electrodes;Coatings;Resonators;Microwave sensors;Biosensors;Thin film sensors} } @Inproceedings { 8546522, author = {Schindler, Daniel and Thiel, Michael and Elkhouly, Mohamed and Yu, Yikun and Schweizer, Benedikt and Hasch, Juergen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Dual-Channel Single Sideband Transmitter in 45 nm CMOS SOI for a 70 GHz OFDM Radar}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD.2018.8546522}, booktitle = {2018 15th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {521-524}, keywords = {CMOS integrated circuits;OFDM modulation;radar signal processing;signal generators;silicon-on-insulator;digital signal generation;two-channel OFDM single sideband transmitter;CMOS SOI technology;broadband sideband suppression;OFDM symbols;digital predistortion;dual-channel single sideband transmitter;digital modulations;analog technology;OFDM radar;size 45.0 nm;frequency 70.0 GHz;OFDM;Amplitude modulation;Radar;Bandwidth;Transmitters;Frequency modulation;CMOS;OFDM;predistortion;radar} } @Article { 8325425, author = {Schindler, Daniel and Schweizer, Benedikt and Knill, Christina and Hasch, Juergen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {MIMO-OFDM Radar Using a Linear Frequency Modulated Carrier to Reduce Sampling Requirements}, year = {2018}, issn = {0018-9480}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2018.2814592}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, volume = {66}, pages = {3511-3520}, number = {7}, keywords = {antenna arrays;CW radar;frequency modulation;MIMO radar;OFDM modulation;radar antennas;radar signal processing;transmitting antennas;modulation bandwidth;OFDM signal;continuous wave carrier;AD/DA converter bandwidth;MIMO-OFDM radar;linear frequency modulated carrier;digital-to-analog converters;high-resolution orthogonal frequency division multiplexing;analog-to-digital converter;transmit antennas;OFDM;Bandwidth;Radar;Frequency modulation;Frequency division multiplexing;MIMO communication;Frequency modulation;MIMO radar;orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM);radar;radar signal processing} } @Inproceedings { 8518905, author = {Schartel, M. and Prakasan, K. and H\"{u}gler, P. and Burr, R. and Mayer, W. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Multicopter-Based Focusing Method for Ground Penetrating Synthetic Aperture Radars}, year = {2018}, issn = {2153-7003}, DOI = {10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8518905}, booktitle = {IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium}, pages = {5420-5423}, keywords = {Synthetic aperture radar;Radar imaging;Three-dimensional displays;Ground penetrating radar;Antenna measurements;Landmine detection;Ground penetrating synthetic aperture radar;CSAR;unmanned aerial vehicle;mine detection}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_IGARSS\_Schartel\_A\_Multicopter-Based\_Focusing\_Method\_for\_Ground\_Penetrating\_Synthetic\_Aperture\_Radars.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Schl1804:Instantaneous, author = {Schlichenmaier, Johannes and Yan, Leping and Stolz, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Instantaneous Actual Motion Estimation with a Single High-Resolution Radar Sensor}, abstract = {Future high-resolution radars enable new functionalities in advanced driverassistance systems, relying on fast and reliable extraction of propertiesof vehicles on the road. A critical property for the prediction oftrajectories and the assessment of potentially dangerous situations is thatof the actual motion - the velocity vector and yaw rate - of observedobjects. In this paper, an approach to distinguish linear from non-linearmotions as well as estimating the yaw rate using only a single radar sensoris presented and evaluated via measurements.}, year = {2018}, reviewed = {1}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2018.8443553}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for IntelligentMobility (ICMIM) (ICMIM 2018)}, address = {Munich, Germany}, keywords = {Actual Motion Estimation; High Resolution Radar; Contour Estimation}, web_url = {https://oparu.uni-ulm.de/xmlui/handle/123456789/11419}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_ICMIM\_Schlichenmaier\_Instantaneous\_Actual\_Motion\_Estimation\_Single\_Radar\_Sensor.pdf} } @Article { 2018_Stolz_ANewAntennaArray, author = {Stolz, Martin and Wolf, Maximilian and Meinl, Frank and Kunert, Martin and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {A New Antenna Array and Signal Processing Concept for an Automotive 4D Radar}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD.2018.8546603}, journal = {European Radar Conference}, pages = {63-66}, event_place = {Madrid, Spain}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_EuRAD\_4D-Radar\_Stolz.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 8568227, author = {Khan, O. and Meyer, J. and Baur, K. and Arafat, S. and Waldschmidt, C.}, title = {Hybrid thin film multilayer antenna for automotive radar at 77 GHz}, year = {2018}, month = {April}, DOI = {10.1049/cp.2018.0549}, booktitle = {12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018)}, pages = {1-5}, keywords = {Aperture-coupled antenna;millimeter-wave antennas;microstrip antennas;grounded coplanar waveguide;biphase power divider}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_EuCAP\_Khan\_Hybrid\_Thin\_Film\_Multilayer\_Antenna\_for\_Automotive\_Radar\_at\_77\_GHz.pdf} } @Inproceedings { ishak2018human, author = {Ishak, Karim and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, Jrgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Human motion training data generation for radar based deep learning applications}, year = {2018}, organization = {IEEE}, booktitle = {2018 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)}, pages = {1--4} } @Inproceedings { Haefner2018, author = {H\"{a}fner, S. and D\"{u}rr, A. and Thom\"{a}, R. and Waldschmidt, Christian and D. Galdo, G.}, title = {High-Resolution Parameter Estimation for Chirp-Sequence Radar Considering Hardware Impairments}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.23919/GEMIC.2018.8335103}, booktitle = {11th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)}, pages = {355--358}, keywords = {maximum likelihood estimation;parameter estimation;radar cross-sections;radar resolution;derived radar system model;high-resolution parameter estimation;chirp-sequence radar;hardware impairments;parametric signal processing;radar measurements;Rayleigh resolution limit;stretch processing receiver architecture;data model;parameter estimator;target parameters range;radar cross section;maximum-likelihood method;Radar cross-sections;Mathematical model;Data models;Distortion;Maximum likelihood estimation}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_GeMiC\_Haefner\_High-Resolution\_Parameter\_Estimation\_for\_Chirp-Sequence\_Radar\_Considering\_Hardware\_Impairments.pdf} } @Article { 2018_Stolz_HighResolution, author = {Stolz, Martin and Li, Mingkang and Kunert, Martin and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {High Resolution Radar Data Clustering with Novel Cluster Method}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378550}, journal = {IEEE Radar Conference}, pages = {0164 – 0168}, event_place = {Oklahoma}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_IEEE-Radar-Conf\_Radar-Data-Clustering.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 443357682942_2018, author = {Mueh, Mario and Mees, Valentin and Maasch, Matthias and Damm, Christian}, title = {Fishnet Metamaterial Gradient-Index Lens for Phase Correction of a Horn-Antenna at 60 GHz}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.23919/EuMC.2018.8541671}, booktitle = {2018 48th European Microwave Conference (EuMC)}, pages = {432-435} } @Inproceedings { 8546621, author = {Schweizer, Benedikt and Schindler, Daniel and Knill, Christina and Hasch, Juergen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Expanding the Unambiguous Velocity Limitation of the Stepped-Carrier OFDM Radar Scheme}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.23919/EuRAD.2018.8546621}, booktitle = {2018 15th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {22-25}, keywords = {Doppler radar;OFDM modulation;radar resolution;radar signal processing;high sampling rate;Doppler resolution;DFT;AD/DA converters;stepped-carrier OFDM radar scheme;unambiguous velocity limitation;reduced unambiguously measurable velocity;standard OFDM scheme;OFDM radars;OFDM;Discrete Fourier transforms;Radar;Standards;Frequency modulation;Bandwidth;Baseband;automotive;DFT;frequency-agility;OFDM;radar;stepped carrier}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_EURAD\_Schweizer\_Expanding\_the\_Unambiguous\_Velocity\_Limitation\_of\_the\_Stepped-Carrier OFDM\_Radar\_Scheme.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 8443509, author = {Steiner, Maximilian and Hammouda, Omar and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Ego-Motion Estimation using Distributed Single-Channel Radar Sensors}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2018.8443509}, booktitle = {2018 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {Automobiles;Estimation;Velocity measurement;Radar;Intelligent sensors;Mathematical model}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2018/2018\_ICMIM\_Steiner\_Ego-Motion\_Estimation\_using\_Distributed\_Single-Channel\_Radar\_Sensors.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 805065880822_2018, author = {Nickel, Matthias and M\"{u}h, Mario and Reese, Roland and Polat, Ersin and Jost, Matthias and Damm, Christian and Jakoby, Rolf and Maune, Holger}, title = {Liquid Crystal Based Tunable Reflection-Type Power Divider}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.23919/EuMC.2018.8541380}, booktitle = {2018 48th European Microwave Conference (EuMC)}, pages = {45-48} } @Article { Bechter2017, author = {Bechter, Jonathan and Roos, Fabian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Compensation of Motion-Induced Phase Errors in TDM MIMO Radars}, abstract = {For high-resolution direction of arrival estimation, a wide aperture is necessary. This can be achieved with multiple-input multiple-output radars, which offer a wide virtual aperture. However, the requirement of orthogonal transmit signals has to be satisfied for their operation. Although time division multiplexing of the transmit elements is an orthogonality realization with low hardware effort, phase errors occur in nonstationary scenarios. This letter briefly discusses the problem of the motion-induced phase errors and describes processing steps to mitigate them without additional effort. The proposed technique is demonstrated with simulation and measurement data.}, year = {2017}, month = {12}, issn = {1531-1309}, DOI = {10.1109/LMWC.2017.2751301}, journal = {IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters}, volume = {27}, pages = {1164--1166}, number = {12}, keywords = {Chirp;Direction-of-arrival estimation;Discrete Fourier transforms;Estimation;Radar;Time division multiplexing;Transmitters;Chirp modulation;MIMO radar;time division multiplexing.}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_MTT\_JB\_Compensation\_of\_Motion\_Induced\_Phase\_Errors\_in\_TDM\_MIMO\_Radars.pdf} } @Article { 7752791, author = {Vasanelli, Claudia and Batra, Rahul and Di Serio, Adolfo and Boegelsack, Frank and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Assessment of a Millimeter-Wave Antenna System for MIMO Radar Applications}, year = {2017}, month = {12}, issn = {1536-1225}, DOI = {10.1109/LAWP.2016.2631889}, journal = {IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters}, volume = {16}, pages = {1261--1264}, number = {1}, keywords = {Antenna measurements;MIMO radar;automotive applications;millimeter-wave antennas}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_AWPL\_Vasanelli\_Assessment\_Antenna\_System\_MIMO\_Radar.pdf} } @Article { BoehmHFW2017, author = {Boehm, Linus and Hitzler, Martin and Foerstner, Alexander and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {The Performance of Modal Filtering in Passive and Active Integrated Antenna Measurements at 160 GHz}, year = {2017}, month = {10}, day = {19}, journal = {Proceedings of the Antenna Measurements and Techniques Conference}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_amta\_boehm\_performance\_MARS.pdf} } @Conference { Huegler2017_EuMW, author = {Rosell\'{o} Castillo, Enoc and Harati, Parisa and Kallfass, Ingmar and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Waldschmidt, Christian and Shiba, Shoichi}, title = {Spatial-Frequency-Scanning Data Transmission for mmW Multi-User Wireless Communication Systems}, year = {2017}, month = {10}, day = {11}, DOI = {10.23919/EuMC.2017.8230839}, booktitle = {47th European Microwave Conference}, pages = {220-223}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_EuMW\_Huegler\_Spatial-Frequency-Scanning\_Data\_Transmission\_for\_mmW\_Multi-User\_Wireless\_Communication\_Systems.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 8249144, author = {Iqbal, Hasan and B\"{o}gelsack, Frank and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Polarimetric RCS Analysis of Traffic Objects}, year = {2017}, month = {10}, DOI = {10.23919/EURAD.2017.8249144}, booktitle = {2017 European Radar Conference (EURAD)}, pages = {49-52}, keywords = {Antenna measurements;Azimuth;Horn antennas;Metals;Radar antennas;Radar cross-sections}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_EuRAD\_Iqbal\_Polarimetric\_RCS\_Analysis\_of\_Traffic\_Objects.pdf} } @Conference { Geiger2017_EuMW, author = {Geiger, Martin and Hitzler, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Flexible Dielectric Leaky-Wave Antenna at 160 GHz}, year = {2017}, month = {10}, booktitle = {47th European Microwave Conference}, pages = {240-243}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_EuMW\_Geiger\_A\_Flexible\_Dielectric\_Leaky\_Wave\_Antenna\_at\_160GHz.pdf} } @Conference { BechterRRW2017, author = {Bechter, Jonathan and Roos, Fabian and Rahman, Mahfuzur and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Automotive Radar Interference Mitigation using a Sparse Sampling Approach}, year = {2017}, month = {10}, booktitle = {European Radar Conference}, event_name = {EuRAD}, event_place = {Nuremburg}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_EuMW\_Bechter\_Automotive\_Radar\_Interference\_Mitigation\_using\_a\_Sparse\_Sampling\_Approach.pdf} } @Article { Ren2017b, author = {Ren, Jinjing and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Millimeter-Wave Single-Layer Dual-Frequency Reflectarray Antenna}, year = {2017}, month = {9}, DOI = {10.1155/2017/6170863}, journal = {International Journal of Antennas and Propagation}, volume = {2017}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_IntJourn\_Ren\_millimeter\_wave\_single\_layer\_dual\_frequency\_reflectarray\_antenna.pdf} } @Article { 7954580, author = {Geiger, Martin and Hitzler, Martin and Saulig, Stefan and Iberle, Johannes and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A 160-GHz Radar with Flexible Antenna Used as a Sniffer Probe}, year = {2017}, month = {8}, day = {15}, issn = {1530-437X}, DOI = {10.1109/JSEN.2017.2718100}, journal = {IEEE Sensors Journal}, volume = {17}, pages = {5104-5111}, number = {16}, keywords = {Dielectrics;MMICs;Optical waveguides;Probes;Radar;Radar antennas;Waveguide transitions;MMIC;dielectric waveguide;flexible radar sensor;lens antenna;millimeter wave;radar sniffer probe;rectangular waveguide coupler}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_SensorJournal\_MG\_A\_160-GHz\_Radar\_with\_Flexible\_Antenna\_Used\_as\_Sniffer\_Probe.pdf} } @Article { BoehmBHW2017, author = {Boehm, Linus and Boegelsack, Frank and Hitzler, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {The Challenges of Measuring Integrated Antennas at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies}, year = {2017}, month = {8}, day = {4}, issn = {1045-9243}, DOI = {10.1109/MAP.2017.2706652}, journal = {IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine}, pages = {84 - 92}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_ap\_journal\_boehm\_challenges\_of\_measuring\_integrated\_antennas.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Roos2017, author = {Roos, Fabian and Sadeghi, Mohammadreza and Bechter, Jonathan and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Ghost Target Identification by Analysis of the Doppler Distribution in Automotive Scenarios}, year = {2017}, month = {6}, DOI = {10.23919/IRS.2017.8008128}, booktitle = {International Radar Symposium}, pages = {1-9}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_IRS\_RS\_Ghost\_Target\_Identification\_by\_Analysis\_of\_the\_Doppler\_Distribution\_in\_Automotive\_Scenarios.pdf} } @Conference { gruner_enhanced_2017, author = {Gr\"{u}ner, Patrik and Chaloun, Tobias and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Enhanced Angle Estimation Accuracy of Ultra Compact Radars Inspired by a Biomimetic Approach}, abstract = {The theoretical and experimental evaluation of usingbiomimetic antenna arrays (BMAAs) in an angle sensing radarsystem is presented. This ultra compact antenna system canenhance the angle estimation accuracy for radar systems whichallow only small antenna separations due to the limited availablespace. A quality criterion will be given to indicate which BMAAparameters are necessary to achieve precise angle estimationaccuracy. Radar measurements show a reduction in the RMSangle estimation error by a factor of 2 compared to conventionalantenna systems of the same size.}, year = {2017}, month = {6}, DOI = {10.18725/OPARU-6181}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS)}, address = {Honolulu, HI}, pages = {1425-1428}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_IMS\_PG\_Enhanced\_Angle\_Estimation\_Accuracy\_Inspired\_by\_Biomimetic\_Approach.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Bechter2017b, author = {Bechter, J. and D. Biswas, K. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Estimation and cancellation of interferences in automotive radar signals}, year = {2017}, month = {6}, DOI = {10.23919/IRS.2017.8008126}, booktitle = {2017 18th International Radar Symposium (IRS)}, pages = {1-10}, keywords = {Baseband;Chirp;Interference;Radar;Receivers;Sensors;Time-frequency analysis}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_IRS\_Bechter\_InterferenceCancellation.pdf} } @Inproceedings { BoehmTAP2017, author = {Boehm, Linus and Foerstner, Alexander and Hitzler, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Reflection Reduction through Modal Filtering for Integrated Antenna Measurements above 100 GHz}, year = {2017}, month = {5}, DOI = {10.1109/TAP.2017.2705225}, booktitle = {Transactions on Antennas and Propagation}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_tap\_boehm\_reflection\_reduction\_through\_modal\_filtering.pdf} } @Inproceedings { BoehmEuCAP2017, author = {Boehm, Linus and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Scattering Center Determination for Integrated Antenna Measurements at mm-Wave Frequencies}, year = {2017}, month = {3}, booktitle = {European Conference on Antennas and Propagation}, pages = {1631--1634}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_eucap\_boehm\_scattering\_center\_determination.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Geiger2017, author = {Geiger, Martin and Hitzler, Martin and Iberle, Johannes and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Dielectric Lens Antenna Fed by a Flexible Dielectric Waveguide At 160 GHz}, year = {2017}, month = {3}, booktitle = {European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)}, pages = {3391-3394}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_EuCAP\_MG\_A\_Dielectric\_Lens\_Antenna\_Fed\_by\_a\_Flexible\_Dielectric\_Waveguide\_at\_160GHz.pdf} } @Inproceedings { VasanelliBW2017, author = {Vasanelli, Claudia and Batra, Rahul and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Optimization of a MIMO Radar Antenna System for Automotive Applications}, year = {2017}, month = {3}, DOI = {10.23919/EuCAP.2017.7928056}, booktitle = {European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)}, pages = {1113--1117}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_EuCAP\_Vasanelli\_Optimization\_MIMO\_Antenna\_System.pdf} } @Article { iet:/content/journals/10.1049/iet-map.2016.0853, author = {Boehm, Linus and Boegelsack, Frank and Hitzler, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Enhancements in mm-Wave Antenna Measurements - Automatic Alignment and Achievable Accuracy}, year = {2017}, month = {2}, issn = {1751-8725}, journal = {IET Microwaves, Antennas \\& Propagation}, publisher = {Institution of Engineering and Technology}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_iet\_boehm\_enhancements\_in\_mm\_wave\_measurements.pdf} } @Article { 7845617, author = {Hitzler, Martin and Saulig, Stefan and Boehm, Linus and Mayer, Winfried and Winkler, Wolfgang and Uddin, Nasir and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Ultracompact 160-GHz FMCW Radar MMIC With Fully Integrated Offset Synthesizer}, year = {2017}, month = {2}, issn = {0018-9480}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2017.2653111}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, volume = {PP}, pages = {1-10}, number = {99}, keywords = {MMICs;Mixers;Phase locked loops;Phase noise;Radar;Radar antennas;Voltage-controlled oscillators;D-band;SiGe bipolar.;distance sensor;frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW);integrated antenna;integrated phase locked loop (PLL);millimeter wave (mm-wave);monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs);phase noise;radar system}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_MTT\_Hitzler\_160\_GHz\_radar\_with\_integrated\_PLL.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 8008122, author = {Laribi, A. and Hahn, M. and Dickmann, J. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A performance comparison of RELAX and MODE for multipath height finding}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.23919/IRS.2017.8008122}, booktitle = {2017 18th International Radar Symposium (IRS)}, pages = {1-10}, keywords = {Fourier analysis;multipath channels;radar signal processing;MODE algorithm;NLOS echos;RELAX;SNR;method of direction estimation algorithm;multipath components resolving;multipath height finding;non-line-of-sight echos;radar wave multipath propagation;recursive Fourier algorithm;sensor-target geometry;signal to noise ratio;target height formula;Frequency-domain analysis;Geometry;Maximum likelihood estimation;Radar antennas;Radar measurements} } @Inproceedings { 8058647, author = {Hitzler, M. and Iberle, J. and Mayer, W. and Barth, H. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Wideband low-cost hybrid coupler for mm-wave frequencies}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.1109/MWSYM.2017.8058647}, booktitle = {2017 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS)}, pages = {630-633}, keywords = {injection moulding;waveguide couplers;E-plane;H-plane;coupling mechanism;frequency 160.0 GHz;insertion loss;low-cost metallized injection-molded component;mm-wave frequencies;split-block suited design approach;waveguide ports;wideband waveguide hybrid coupler;Bandwidth;Couplers;Couplings;Loss measurement;Ports (Computers);Rectangular waveguides;Scattering parameters;hybrid coupler;mm-wave frequencies;rectangular waveguide coupler;wideband coupler} } @Inproceedings { 7918866, author = {Laribi, A. and Hahn, M. and Dickmann, J. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Vertical digital beamforming versus multipath height finding}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2017.7918866}, booktitle = {2017 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)}, pages = {99-102}, keywords = {CW radar;FM radar;array signal processing;electromagnetic wave diffraction;electromagnetic wave propagation;electromagnetic wave scattering;height measurement;radar antennas;radar receivers;radar resolution;road vehicle radar;DBF algorithm;FMCW automotive radar;NLOS propagation;extended object height measure,ent;frequency modulation continuous wave automotive radar;height estimation algorithm;multipath height finding;nonline-of-sight propagation;radar wave multipath propagation;radar wave scattering mechanism;sensor range resolution;sensor-target geometry;target height formula;vertical antenna;vertical digital beamforming;wave diffraction;Antenna measurements;Diffraction;Estimation;Radar antennas;Radar measurements;Scattering} } @Inproceedings { 8249201, author = {Erhart, C. and A. Scharf, P. and Iberle, J. and Burgardt, J. and Mantz, H. and Walter, T. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Time-domain correlation radar for fluid surface velocity estimation using a 77 GHz sensor platform}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.23919/EURAD.2017.8249201}, booktitle = {2017 European Radar Conference (EURAD)}, pages = {279-282}, keywords = {backscatter;correlation methods;millimetre wave radar;radar signal processing;velocity measurement;artificial flow passage;cross correlation function;directly backscattered characteristic surface changes;fluid surface velocity estimation;frequency 77.0 GHz;radar sensors;radar signals;time-domain correlation radar;Correlation;Estimation;Microstrip antenna arrays;Optical surface waves;Radar;Time-domain analysis} } @Inproceedings { 8037016, author = {Haas, Michael and Schweizer, Benedikt and Anders, Jens and Ortmanns, Maurits}, title = {A miniaturized UWB antenna for implantable data telemetry}, year = {2017}, issn = {1558-4615}, DOI = {10.1109/EMBC.2017.8037016}, booktitle = {2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)}, pages = {1086-1089}, keywords = {biomedical telemetry;neurophysiology;skin;ultra wideband antennas;miniaturized UWB antenna;implantable data telemetry;miniaturized impulse radio ultrawideband antenna;miniaturized IR-UWB antenna;data communication;multichannel neural recording;radiation efficiency;circularly polarized antenna;signal power variation;pulse generator;porcine skin;Antenna measurements;Dipole antennas;Transmitting antennas;Skin;Receiving antennas;Prototypes;Equipment Design;Prostheses and Implants;Telemetry;Wireless Technology} } @Inproceedings { 7918850, author = {Olbrich, S. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A multipath based height estimation of targets for radar systems}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2017.7918850}, booktitle = {2017 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)}, pages = {37-40}, keywords = {height measurement;radar tracking;target tracking;multipath based height estimation;propagation path;radar targets;target height classification;target reflection point;Antenna measurements;Interference;Metals;Microwave FET integrated circuits;Radar;Receiving antennas;Signal processing algorithms;Height Estimation;Radar;Signal Processing} } @Inproceedings { Ren2017b, author = {Ren, Jinjing and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Covered Rhomb Antenna Based on Reduced Losses}, year = {2017}, booktitle = {PIERS} } @Inproceedings { 8081546, author = {Laribi, A. and Hahn, M. and Dickmann, J. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A new height-estimation method using FMCW radar Doppler beam sharpening}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.23919/EUSIPCO.2017.8081546}, booktitle = {2017 25th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)}, pages = {1932-1396}, keywords = {CW radar;Doppler effect;Doppler radar;FM radar;height measurement;mean square error methods;radar detection;radar receivers;radar signal processing;road vehicle radar;3D high resolution RELAX;Doppler beam sharpening algorithm;Doppler effect;FMCW radar;azimuth angle;elevation angle component;frequency modulation continuous-wave automotive radar;frequency shift;height finding algorithm;height measurement results;height-estimation method;radial velocity;root mean squared error;sensor target geometry;size 4.5 m;vehicle velocity;vertical antennas;Doppler effect;Doppler radar;Geometry;Scattering;Signal processing algorithms;Three-dimensional displays} } @Inproceedings { 634057702432_2017, author = {Maasch, Matthias and Mueh, Mario and Damm, Christian}, title = {Sensor array on structured PET substrates for detection of thin dielectric layers at terahertz frequencies}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.1109/MWSYM.2017.8058768}, booktitle = {2017 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS)}, pages = {1030-1033} } @Article { ars-15-61-2017, author = {Laribi, A. and Hahn, M. and Dickmann, J. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Novel Target-Height Estimation Approach Using Radar-Wave Multipath Propagation for Automotive Applications}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.5194/ars-15-61-2017}, journal = {Advances in Radio Science}, volume = {15}, pages = {61--67} } @Article { 8100862, author = {Mueh, Mario and Maasch, Matthias and Knie\"{s}, Robert A. and G\"{o}ringer, H. Ulrich and Damm, Christian}, title = {Detection of African Trypanosomes Using Asymmetric Double-Split Ring Based THz Sensors}, year = {2017}, issn = {2469-7249}, DOI = {10.1109/JERM.2017.2771152}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology}, volume = {1}, pages = {66-73}, number = {2}, keywords = {biomedical equipment;cellular biophysics;diseases;sensor arrays;terahertz wave detectors;thin film sensors;dielectric contrast;buffer solution;cell mixtures;trypanosome parasite coatings;photoresist;sensor array design;target film dimensions;ring gap;resonance modes;asymmetric double-split ring resonators;African trypanosome parasite layers;aptamer-based direct detection;electromagnetic sensor;tropical disease;asymmetric double-split ring based THz sensors;human African trypanosomiasis;Dielectrics;Sensors;Microwave sensors;Thin film sensors;Biomedical applications of radiation;Spectroscopy;Sensors;spectroscopy;biomedical applications of radiation;thin film sensors;microwave sensors} } @Inproceedings { Huegler2017, author = {H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Geiger, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Radar as an Emerging and Growing Technology for Industrial Applications: A Short Overview}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.5162/sensor2017/D3.1}, booktitle = {AMA Conferences}, pages = {460-465}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_AMA\_Huegler\_Radar\_as\_an\_Emerging\_and\_Growing\_Technology\_for\_Industrial\_Applications.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 8249235, author = {Schindler, Daniel and Hasch, Juergen and Mueller, Felix and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Improvement of dynamic range for arbitrary radar systems using antenna polarization modulation}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.23919/EURAD.2017.8249235}, booktitle = {2017 European Radar Conference (EURAD)}, pages = {413-416}, keywords = {Attenuation;Frequency modulation;OFDM;Radar antennas;Radar cross-sections;dynamic range;modulation;radar;radar polarimetry} } @Article { 7864448, author = {Bechter, Jonathan and Rameez, Muhammad and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Analytical and Experimental Investigations on Mitigation of Interference in a DBF MIMO Radar}, year = {2017}, issn = {0018-9480}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2017.2668404}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, volume = {65}, pages = {1727-1734}, number = {5}, keywords = {MIMO radar;array signal processing;interference suppression;radar interference;radar receivers;radar signal processing;road vehicle radar;DBF MIMO radar interference cancellation;DBF beam pattern;autonomous driving;digital beamforming system;driver assistance system;multiple-input multiple-output radar;radar aperture;radar sensor;time-multiplexing MIMO radar;Apertures;Automobiles;Interference;MIMO radar;Receivers;Sensors;Automotive radar;beamforming;multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO);radar receivers;radar systems;signal processing}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_MTT\_Bechter\_DBF-MIMO.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 7965783, author = {Mueh, Mario and Maasch, Matthias and Brecht, Michael and G\"{o}ringer, H. Ulrich and Damm, Christian}, title = {Complex dielectric characterization of African trypanosomes for aptamer-based terahertz sensing applications}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.1109/IMBIOC.2017.7965783}, booktitle = {2017 First IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Bio Conference (IMBIOC)}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {biomedical measurement;biosensors;diseases;terahertz spectroscopy;thin films;African trypanosomes dielectric characterization;aptamer-based terahertz sensing application;African trypanosome parasites;parasite film;terahertz time domain spectrometry setup;chain matrix model;extraction algorithm;frequency 0.2 THz to 2.5 THz;Permittivity;Permittivity measurement;Dielectrics;Sensors;Pollution measurement;Substrates;Terahertz spectrometry;thin film sensing;dielectric characterization;aptasensor} } @Article { 7839239, author = {Frischen, A. and Hasch, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Cooperative MIMO Radar Network Using Highly Integrated FMCW Radar Sensors}, year = {2017}, issn = {0018-9480}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2016.2647701}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, volume = {65}, pages = {1355-1366}, number = {4}, keywords = {CW radar;FM radar;MIMO radar;cooperative communication;distance measurement;frequency synthesizers;radar receivers;radar signal processing;adapted multilateration algorithm;bistatic distance measurements;continuous wave-modulated transmit signals;cooperative MIMO radar network;cooperative bistatic network;cooperative radar networks;frequency 122 GHz;frequency synthesizers;frequency-modulated transmit signals;integrated FMCW radar sensors;monostatic distance measurements;optimal parameterization;radar sensor nodes;signal processing chain;target position estimation;Estimation;Frequency modulation;Frequency-domain analysis;Radar;Radar antennas;Sensors;Millimeter-wave circuits;millimeter-wave radar;multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar;multistatic radar} } @Article { 8012529, author = {Khan, O. and Meyer, J. and Baur, K. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Hybrid Thin Film Antenna for Automotive Radar at 79 GHz}, year = {2017}, issn = {0018-926X}, DOI = {10.1109/TAP.2017.2741024}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation}, volume = {65}, pages = {5076-5085}, number = {10}, keywords = {antenna feeds;impedance matching;microstrip antenna arrays;microstrip lines;millimetre wave antenna arrays;printed circuits;radar antennas;road vehicle radar;slot antenna arrays;substrate integrated waveguides;thin film devices;GCPW feed antenna;MS feed antenna;SIW feed antenna;SIW slot fed stacked grid antenna element;antenna arrays;automotive radar;frequency 79 GHz;frequency 81 GHz;grounded coplanar waveguide;hybrid thin film antenna;impedance matching bandwidth;medium-range automotive radar applications;microstrip transmission lines;multilayer antennas;multilayer thin films;short-range automotive radar applications;substrate integrated waveguide;thin single layer printed circuit board;Antenna arrays;Antenna feeds;Nonhomogeneous media;Radar antennas;Substrates;Automotive radar;grid array antenna;grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW);microstrip (MS);single-layer;substrate integrated waveguide (SIW);thin films;wideband antenna array}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_TAP\_Khan\_Hybrid\_Thin\_Film\_Antenna\_for\_Automotive\_Radar\_at\_79\_GHz.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 7918865, author = {Schlichenmaier, Johannes and Selvaraj, N. and Stolz, M. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Template matching for radar-based orientation and position estimation in automotive scenarios}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2017.7918865}, booktitle = {2017 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)}, pages = {95-98}, keywords = {Automotive engineering;Estimation;Microwave FET integrated circuits;Microwave integrated circuits;Radar;Shape;Transforms}, web_url = {https://oparu.uni-ulm.de/xmlui/handle/123456789/6649}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_ICMIM\_Schlichenmaier\_Template\_Matching.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 7918878, author = {Knill, Christina and Bechter, Jonathan and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Interference of chirp sequence radars by OFDM radars at 77 GHz}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2017.7918878}, booktitle = {2017 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)}, pages = {147-150}, keywords = {Bandwidth;Chirp;Interference;OFDM;Radar antennas;Radar cross-sections}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_ICMIM\_Knill\_OFDM-Chirp-Interference.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Ren2017, author = {Ren, Jinjing and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Millimeter-Wave Single-Layer Dual-Frequency Reflectarray Antenna}, year = {2017}, DOI = {https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6170863}, booktitle = {International Journal of Antennas and Propagation}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_AP\_Ren\_Millimeter\_Wave\_Single\_Layer\_Dual\_Frequency\_Reflectarry\_Antenna.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Stolz2017, author = {Stolz, Martin and Schubert, Eugen and Meinl, Frank and Kunert, Martin and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Multi-Target Reflection Point Model of Cyclists for Automotive Radar}, year = {2017}, booktitle = {European Radar Conference}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2017/2017\_EuRAD\_Stolz\_Multi\_Target\_Reflection\_Point\_Model\_Cyclists\_Automotive\_Radar.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 956527104519_2017, author = {Maasch, Matthias and Evaristo, Bruno Guilherme Pacci and Mueh, Mario and Damm, Christian}, title = {Artificial gradient-index lens based on single unit cell layer fishnet metamaterial for phase correction of a horn antenna}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.1109/MWSYM.2017.8058579}, booktitle = {2017 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS)}, pages = {402-404} } @Inproceedings { Boehm2016_itg, author = {Boehm, Linus and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Messsysteme zur Charakterisierung integrierter Antennen: Umsetzung und Herausforderungen}, year = {2016}, month = {11}, booktitle = {ITG Workshop Antennen-Messtechnik f\"{u}r Zuk\"{u}nftige Funksysteme: „Aktiv, Phasenlos, Automobil“, M\"{u}nchen} } @Inproceedings { Schartel2016, author = {Schartel, Markus and Mayer, Winfried and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Digital True Time Delay for Pulse Correlation Radars}, year = {2016}, month = {10}, DOI = {10.1109/EuMC.2016.7824634}, booktitle = {European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {330--333}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_EuRAD\_Schartel\_Digital\_true\_time\_delay\_for\_pulse\_correlation\_radars.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Frischen2016, author = {Frischen, Andreas and Hasch, Juergen and Jetty, Darshan and Girma, Mekdes and Gonser, Markus and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A Low-Phase-Noise 122-GHz FMCW Radar Sensor for Distributed Networks}, year = {2016}, month = {10}, booktitle = {European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {49--52}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_EuRAD\_Frischen\_FMCW\_Radar\_Sensor\_for\_Distributed\_Networks.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Boehm2016, author = {Boehm, Linus and Hitzler, Martin and Roos, Fabian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Probe Influence on Integrated Antenna Measurements at Frequencies Above 100 GHz}, year = {2016}, month = {10}, booktitle = {European Microwave Conference (EuMC)}, pages = {552--555}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_eumw\_boehm\_probe\_influence\_on\_integrated\_antenna\_measurements.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Roos2016b, author = {Roos, Fabian and Barjenbruch, Michael and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Enhancement of Doppler Resolution for Chirp-Sequence Modulated Radars}, year = {2016}, month = {10}, booktitle = {European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {237--240}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_EuRAD\_RS\_Enhancement\_of\_Doppler\_Resolution\_for\_Chirp\_Sequence\_Modulated\_Radars.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Erhart2016, author = {Erhart, Christian and Lutz, Steffen and Walter, Thomas and Mantz, Hubert and H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Weigel, Robert}, title = {Design and demonstration of a full polarimetric sensor for surface texture characterisation}, year = {2016}, month = {10}, isbn = {978-2-8748-7045-3}, booktitle = {European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, pages = {193--196}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_EuRAD\_Design\_and\_demonstration\_of\_a\_full\_polarimetric\_sensor\_for\_surface\_texture\_characterisation.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Vasanelli2016b, author = {Vasanelli, Claudia and Boegelsack, Frank and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Design and Experimental Characterization of a Surface with Low Radar Cross-Section at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies}, year = {2016}, month = {10}, DOI = {10.1109/EuMC.2016.7824267}, booktitle = {European Microwave Conference (EuMC)}, pages = {21--24}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_EuMC\_Vasanelli\_Low\_RCS\_Surface.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Hitzler2016b, author = {Hitzler, Martin and Bader, Sebastian and Saulig, Stefan and Boehm, Linus and Mayer, Winfried and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Design of Experiment for the Characterization of a 160 GHz Radar MMIC}, year = {2016}, month = {10}, booktitle = {European Microwave Conference (EuMC)}, pages = {819--822}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_EuMC\_Hitzler\_DoE\_for\_160\_GHz\_measurements.pdf} } @Article { Roos2016a, author = {Roos, Fabian and Kellner, Dominik and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Reliable Orientation Estimation of Vehicles in High-Resolution Radar Images}, year = {2016}, month = {9}, issn = {0018-9480}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2016.2586476}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques}, volume = {64}, pages = {2986--2993}, number = {9}, keywords = {MIMO radar;genetic algorithms;radar imaging;radar resolution;road vehicle radar;L-fit;MIMO imaging radar;alignment error minimization;best fitted model;generic algorithms;high-resolution radar images;orientated bounding box;quality function;radar measurements;robust algorithm;vehicle reliable orientation estimation;Doppler radar;Estimation;Radar imaging;Sensors;Signal processing algorithms;Vehicles;Automotive radar;Doppler radar;MIMO radar;bounding box estimation;dimension extraction;orientation estimation;radar imaging;radar signal processing;reliability}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_MTT\_RS\_Reliable\_Orientation\_Estimation\_of\_Vehicles\_in\_High\_Resolution\_Radar\_Images.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Hitzler2016a, author = {Hitzler, Martin and Saulig, Stefal and Boehm, Linus and Mayer, Winfried and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {MMIC-to-Waveguide Transition at 160 GHz with Galvanic Isolation}, year = {2016}, month = {5}, day = {26}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Microwave Symposium}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_IMS\_Hitzler\_chip\_to\_rect\_waveguide\_transition.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Hitzler2016, author = {Hitzler, Martin and Saulig, Stefal and Boehm, Linus and Mayer, Winfried and Winkler, Wolfgang and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Compact Bistatic 160 GHz Transceiver MMIC with Phase Noise Optimized Synthesizer for FMCW Radar}, year = {2016}, month = {5}, day = {26}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Microwave Symposium}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_IMS\_Hitzler\_160\_GHz\_first\_chip.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Werber2016, author = {Werber, Klaudius and Klappstein, Jens and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Interesting Areas in Radar Gridmaps for Vehicle Self-Localization}, year = {2016}, month = {5}, day = {19}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2016.7533932}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_ICMIM\_Werber\_Radar\_Gridmaps\_for\_Vehicle\_Self-Localization.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Bechter2016, author = {Bechter, Jonathan and Eid, Karim and Roos, Fabian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Digital Beamforming to Mitigate Automotive Radar Interference}, year = {2016}, month = {5}, day = {19}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_ICMIM\_Bechter\_DBF.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Schlichenmaier2016, author = {Schlichenmaier, Johannes and Roos, Fabian and Kunert, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Adaptive Clustering for Contour Estimation of Vehicles for High-Resolution Radar}, year = {2016}, month = {5}, day = {19}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2016.7533930}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)}, web_url = {https://oparu.uni-ulm.de/xmlui/handle/123456789/6648}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_ICMIM\_Schlichenmaier\_Adaptive\_Clustering\_for\_Contour\_Estimation.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Bechter2016a, author = {Bechter, Jonathan and Sippel, Carmen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Bats‐inspired Frequency Hopping for Mitigation of Interference between Automotive Radar}, year = {2016}, month = {5}, day = {19}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_ICMIM\_Bechter\_Frequency\_Hopping.pdf} } @Article { Ba2016BiBandFresnel, author = {Ba, O. and Lanteri, J. and Migliaccio, Claire and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Bi-band fresnel reflectarray for unmanned aerial system (UAS)-satellite communication}, year = {2016}, month = {5}, journal = {Microwave and Optical Technology Letters}, volume = {58}, pages = {1025-1028}, number = {5}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_MW+OT\_Letters\_Dual-frequ-reflectarray.pdf} } @Inproceedings { LinusBoehm2016_eucap, author = {Boehm, Linus and Boegelsack, Frank and Hitzler, Martin and Wiehler, Stefan and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Accuracy Evaluation for Antenna Measurements At mm-Wave Frequencies}, abstract = {Measurements of integrated antennas are often cumbersome and erroneous. Inaccuracies of the measurement setup, unknown material parameters, and metal parts in the immediate surrounding of the antenna under test (AUT) cause errors to the measured parameters. In order to be able to measure integrated antennas at frequencies beyond 100GHz with high accuracy, a dedicated measurement setup was developed. For the quantification of the accuracy of the setup various measurements with different parameters were taken and their individual impact on the result was analyzed. On this basis the accuracy of measured antenna parameters like gain, directivity, and radiation pattern at 280GHz was calculated as well as their sensitivity towards certain uncertainties in the measurement process.}, year = {2016}, month = {4}, day = {15}, booktitle = {European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)}, pages = {4009-4013}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_eucap\_boehm\_accuracy\_evaluation.pdf} } @Inproceedings { TobiasChaloun2016_eucap, author = {Chaloun, Tobias and Waldschmidt, Christian and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Wide-Angle Scanning Cavity Antenna Element for Mobile Satcom Applications At Ka Band}, abstract = {A novel dual linearly polarized cavity antenna with excellent scan performance up to 60◦ in both E- and H-plane is presented. The highly integrated antenna element for Ka band Satcom on the move applications is operating in the uplink band at 30 GHz. Vertical stubs incorporated into the 3-D architecture are proposed to compensate parasitic effects limiting the scan volume of planar phased array antennas. To verify this approach, the vertical transition used in the design, and the entire antenna structure in single element configuration were fabricated and measured successfully.}, year = {2016}, month = {4}, day = {15}, booktitle = {European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)}, pages = {4249-4253} } @Inproceedings { PatrikGruener2016_eucap, author = {Gr\"{u}ner, Patrik and Chaloun, Tobias and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Towards a mm-Wave Planar Biomimetic Antenna Array with Enhanced Phase Sensitivity}, year = {2016}, month = {4}, day = {13}, DOI = {10.18725/OPARU-6180}, booktitle = {European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)}, pages = {2041-2045}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_EuCAP\_PG\_Towards\_a\_mm-Wave\_Planar\_Biomimetic\_Antenna\_Array.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Vasanelli2016_Eucap, author = {Vasanelli, Claudia and Meti, Hedi and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Investigation on a 77-GHz Broadside Vivaldi Antenna}, abstract = {Vivaldi antennas are excellent radiating elements that provide high gain and wide bandwidth. However, due to their end-fire radiation pattern they are not suited for the integration in printed circuit board (PCB) technology, if a broadside radiation is required. This paper presents a modified Vivaldi antenna loaded with a periodic arrangement of metallic strips that allows to achieve a broadside radiation pattern. Good agreement is obtained between the full-wave simulation results and the experimental data in terms of impedance matching, gain and radiation pattern.}, year = {2016}, month = {4}, day = {12}, DOI = {10.1109/EuCAP.2016.7481148}, booktitle = {European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)}, pages = {246-250}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_EuCAP\_Vasanelli\_Broadside\_Vivaldi\_Antenna.pdf} } @Inproceedings { LinusBoehm2016, author = {Boehm, Linus and Hehl, Markus and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Influence of the Wafer Chuck on Integrated Antenna Measurements}, abstract = {For meaningful pattern measurements of integrated antennas the devices, which are required during the measurement process, need to be optimized to influence the measurement results as little as possible. In this paper the errors caused by reflections on the chuck are investigated and quantified. A plastic chuck was built to reduce sources of reflection and thus improve the overall accuracy of the setup. The new chuck causes less ripples over the scanning angle and over the frequency and therefore, increases the performance of the setup significantly.}, year = {2016}, month = {3}, day = {15}, booktitle = {German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)}, pages = {274-277}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_gemic\_boehm\_influence\_of\_wafer\_chuck.pdf} } @Inproceedings { PhilippHuegler2016, author = {H\"{u}gler, Philipp and Geiger, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {RCS Measurements of a Human Hand for Radar-Based Gesture Recognition at E-band}, abstract = {This paper presents monostatic radar cross section (RCS) measurements of a human hand in the frequency range from 60 GHz to 90 GHz. These values are important parameters for system designs in the emerging field of radar-based gesture recognition. The measurement procedure is described in detail and results of four gestures at three different distances are depicted and analysed.}, year = {2016}, month = {3}, day = {15}, DOI = {10.1109/GEMIC.2016.7461605}, booktitle = {German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)}, pages = {259-262}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_GeMiC\_Huegler\_RCS\_Measurements\_of\_a\_Human\_Hand\_for\_Radar-Based\_Gesture\_Recognition\_at\_E-band.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Roos2016, author = {Roos, Fabian and Ellenrieder, Daniel and Appenrodt, Nils and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Range Migration Compensation for Chirp-Sequence based Radar}, abstract = {To improve the range and Doppler resolution the bandwidth and the observation time need to be increased. This leads to a range migration effect and thus to a declining separa- bility of targets. This paper compares three different modulation formats to cope with the range migration. The standard chirp-sequence modulation, the bandwidth variation modulation known from literature, and the proposed chirp duration variation are analysed. A simulation is used to validate the modulation format.}, year = {2016}, month = {3}, DOI = {10.1109/GEMIC.2016.7461620}, booktitle = {German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)}, pages = {317--320}, keywords = {Doppler radar;chirp modulation;compensation;Doppler resolution improvement;bandwidth variation modulation;chirp duration variation;chirp-sequence based radar;observation time;range migration;range migration compensation;range resolution improvement;standard chirp-sequence modulation;Bandwidth;Chirp;Doppler effect;Frequency measurement;Frequency modulation;Standards}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_GeMiC\_RS\_Range\_Migration\_Compensation\_for\_Chirp\_Sequence\_based\_Radar.pdf} } @Inproceedings { https://doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-4080, author = {Van der Heijden, Rens W. and Kargl, Frank and Abu-Sharkh, Osama M. F. and Al-Momani, Ala'a}, title = {Enhanced position verification for VANETs using subjective logic}, year = {2016}, DOI = {10.18725/OPARU-4080}, booktitle = {2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)}, web_url = {https://doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-4080}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_VTC\_van-der-Heijden\_Enhanced\_position\_verification\_for\_VANETs.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 7535442, author = {Scheel, Alexander and Knill, Christina and Reuter, Stephan and Dietmayer, Klaus}, title = {Multi-sensor multi-object tracking of vehicles using high-resolution radars}, year = {2016}, DOI = {10.1109/IVS.2016.7535442}, booktitle = {2016 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, pages = {558-565}, keywords = {Monte Carlo methods;filters;radar clutter;radar receivers;Monte Carlo implementation;automotive radar technology;finite-set-statistics-based filter;high-resolution radars;labeled multiBernoulli filter;measurement-to-object association ambiguities;multiobject scenarios;multisensor multiobject tracking;multisensor setups;probabilistic fashion;sensor resolution;tracking systems;Adaptation models;Clutter;Radar measurements;Radar tracking;Radio frequency;Vehicles}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_IV\_Knill\_Multi\_Sensor\_Multi\_Object\_Tracking\_of\_Vehicles\_Using\_High\_Resolution\_Radars.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 7535401, author = {Knill, Christina and Scheel, Alexander and Dietmayer, Klaus}, title = {A direct scattering model for tracking vehicles with high-resolution radars}, year = {2016}, DOI = {10.1109/IVS.2016.7535401}, booktitle = {2016 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, pages = {298-303}, keywords = {object tracking;optical radar;particle filtering (numerical methods);pattern clustering;radar receivers;radar resolution;radar tracking;road vehicles;scattering;traffic engineering computing;Doppler information;LIDAR applications;RBPF approach;Rao-Blackwellized particle filter;autonomous driving;cross traffic;data clustering;direct scattering model;driver assistance systems;high-resolution radar sensors;measurement preprocessing;object tracking approach;parallel traffic;point tracking algorithms;vehicluar tracking approach;Atmospheric measurements;Doppler effect;Particle measurements;Radar tracking;Sensors;Vehicles}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_IV\_Knill\_A\_Direct\_Scattering\_Model\_for\_Tracking\_Vehicles\_with\_High\_Resolution\_Radars.pdf} } @Article { 7330052, author = {Pfl\"{u}ger, S. and Waldschmidt, Christian and Ziegler, V.}, title = {Coupling Matrix Extraction and Reconfiguration Using a Generalized Isospectral Flow Method}, year = {2016}, issn = {0018-9480}, DOI = {10.1109/TMTT.2015.2498188}, journal = {Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on}, volume = {64}, pages = {148-157}, number = {1}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2016/2016\_MTT\_Pflueger\_Coupling\_Matrix\_Extraction\_and\_Reconfiguration.pdf} } @Conference { Iqbal2015_MMS, author = {Iqbal, Hasan and Sajjad, Muhammad Babar and Mueller, Michael and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {SAR Imaging in an Automotive Scenario}, year = {2015}, month = {12}, booktitle = {15th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium}, journal = {15th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_MMS\_Iqbal\_SAR\_Imaging\_in\_an\_Automotive\_Scenario.pdf} } @Article { mms2015_Vasanelli, author = {Vasanelli, Claudia and Ruess, Tobias and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {A 77-GHz Cavity Antenna Array in PCB Technology}, year = {2015}, month = {12}, DOI = {10.1109/MMS.2015.7375431}, journal = {15th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_MMS\_Vasanelli\_77GHz\_Cavity\_Antenna\_Array.pdf} } @Conference { WTARSP2015, author = {Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Trends in Automotive Radar Signal Processing}, year = {2015}, month = {11}, day = {26}, booktitle = {IEEE Microwave Workshops and Exhibition}, journal = {IEEE Microwave Workshops and Exhibition}, pages = {pp. 269}, event_name = {IEEE Microwave Workshops and Exhibition} } @Conference { Frischen2015:eumw, author = {Frischen, Andreas and Hasch, Juergen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {FMCW Ramp Non-Linearity Effects and Measurement Technique for Cooperative Radar}, year = {2015}, month = {9}, DOI = {10.1109/EuRAD.2015.7346349}, booktitle = {European Radar Conference (EuRAD), Paris, France}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_EuRAD\_Frischen\_FMCW\_Ramp\_Non-Linearity\_Effects.pdf} } @Conference { Boehm2015:eumw, author = {Boehm, Linus and Pledl, Sebastian and Boegelsack, Frank and Hitzler, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Robotically Controlled Directivity and Gain Measurements of Integrated Antennas at 280 GHz}, year = {2015}, month = {9}, booktitle = {European Microwave Conference (EuMC), Paris, France}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_eumw\_boehm\_robotically\_controlled\_directivity\_gain\_measurements.pdf} } @Conference { Olbricht2015:eumw, author = {Olbrich, Sebastian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {New pre-estimation Algorithm for FMCW Radar Systems Using the Matrix Pencil Method}, year = {2015}, month = {9}, DOI = {10.1109/EuRAD.2015.7346266}, booktitle = {European Radar Conference (EuRAD), Paris, France}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_EuRAD\_Olbrich\_pre-estimation\_Algorithm\_FMCW\_Radar\_Matrix\_Pencil.pdf} } @Article { YIAPMM2015, author = {Yammine, G. and Fischer, R. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {On the Influence of the Antenna Pattern in Noncoherent Massive MIMO Systems}, year = {2015}, month = {8}, DOI = {10.1109/ISWCS.2015.7454370}, journal = {Proceedings of 12th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS 2015), Brussels, Belgium}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_ISWCS\_Yammine\_Influence\_Antenna\_Pattern\_Noncoherent\_Massive\_MIMO.pdf} } @Conference { Boehm2015:aps, author = {Boehm, Linus and Boegelsack, Frank and Hitzler, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {An Automated Millimeter-Wave Antenna Measurement Setup Using a Robotic Arm}, year = {2015}, month = {7}, booktitle = {IEEE AP-S Symposium on Antennas and Propagation}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_aps\_boehm\_automated\_mm\_wave\_antenna\_measurement\_setup.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 7266739, author = {Werber, Klaudius and Barjenbruch, Michael and Klappstein, Jens and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {RoughCough; A new image registration method for radar based vehicle self-localization}, year = {2015}, month = {7}, booktitle = {18th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion)}, pages = {1533-1541}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_Fusion\_Werber\_RoughCough.pdf} } @Article { Schubert2015PedestrianModelling, author = {Schubert, Eugen and Kunert, Martin and Meinl, Frank and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Pedestrian Target Modelling and Deduction of Automotive Radar Resolution Requirements for Pedestrian Classification}, year = {2015}, month = {6}, journal = {International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies}, volume = {7}, pages = {433--441}, number = {special issue 3-4}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_IJMWT\_Schubert\_Pedestrian-modeling.pdf} } @Conference { Schubert2015Clustering, author = {Schubert, Eugen and Meinl, Frank and Kunert, Martin and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Clustering of High Resolution Automotive Radar Detections and Subsequent Feature Extraction for Classification of Road Users}, year = {2015}, month = {6}, booktitle = {16th Int. Radar Symposium (IRS)}, pages = {174-179}, event_name = {16th Int. Radar Symposium (IRS)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_IRS\_Pedestrian-feature-extraction.pdf} } @Conference { Fischer2015RobustDetection, author = {Fischer, Christoph and Bl\"{o}cher, Hans Ludwig and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Robust Detection and Mitigation of Mutual Interference in Automotive Radar}, year = {2015}, month = {6}, booktitle = {16th Int. Radar Symposium (IRS)}, pages = {143-148}, event_name = {16th Int. Radar Symposium (IRS)} } @Conference { Werber2015, author = {Werber, Klaudius and Rapp, Matthias and Klappstein, Jens and Hahn, Markus and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Dietmayer, Klaus and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Automotive Radar Gridmap Representations}, year = {2015}, month = {4}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2015.7117922}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_ICMIM\_Werber\_Automotive\_Radar\_Gridmap\_Representations.pdf} } @Conference { Bechter2015, author = {Bechter, Jonathan and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Automotive Radar Interference Mitigation by Reconstruction and Cancellation of Interference Component}, year = {2015}, month = {4}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_ICMIM\_Bechter\_InterferenceCancellation.pdf} } @Conference { Frischen2015, author = {Frischen, Andreas and Hasch, Juergen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Contour Recognition with a Cooperative Distributed Radar Sensor Network}, year = {2015}, month = {4}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2015.7117926}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_ICMIM\_Frischen\_Contour\_Recognition\_Cooperative\_Sensor\_Network.pdf} } @Conference { Roos2015, author = {Roos, Fabian and Kellner, Dominik and Klappstein, Jens and Dickmann, Juergen and Dietmayer, Klaus and M\"{u}ller-Glaser, Klaus D. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Estimation of the Orientation of Vehicles in High-Resolution Radar Images}, abstract = {The availability of high-resolution image radars allows estimating the orientation of vehicles from a single measurement without temporal filtering. This gives the opportunity to react even faster to certain critical traffic scenes. This paper presents an approach for estimating the orientation of a vehicle. The orientated bounding box algorithm known from literature is adapted to this end and a quality function is introduced to choose the optimal bounding box. In addition, a brute-force approach for determining the best possible outcome is presented.}, year = {2015}, month = {4}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2015.7117949}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_ICMIM\_RS\_Estimation\_of\_the\_Orientation\_of\_Vehicles\_in\_High\_Resolution\_Radar\_Images.pdf} } @Conference { Schubert2015, author = {Schubert, Eugen and Meinl, Frank and Kunert, Martin and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {High Resolution Automotive Radar Measurements of Vulnerable Road Users -- Pedestrians \\& Cyclists}, year = {2015}, month = {4}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2015.7117944}, booktitle = {IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_ICMIM\_Schubert\_Radar\_Measurements\_of\_Vulnerable\_Road\_Users.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 7346015, author = {Khan, O. and Meyer, J. and Baur, K. and Waldschmidt, C.}, title = {Substrate integrated waveguide slot-fed grid array antenna}, year = {2015}, month = {Sep.}, DOI = {10.1109/EuMC.2015.7346015}, booktitle = {2015 European Microwave Conference (EuMC)}, pages = {1323-1326}, keywords = {antenna feeds;microstrip antenna arrays;millimetre wave antenna arrays;planar antenna arrays;slot antenna arrays;substrate integrated waveguides;substrate integrated waveguide;planar SIW slot-fed microstrip grid array antenna;standard soft RF substrate;transverse slot;substrate layer;wideband microstrip;antenna feed design;frequency 76 GHz to 81 GHz;Arrays;Microstrip;Microstrip antenna arrays;Substrates;Feeds;Microstrip antennas;Grid array;millimeter-wave antennas;microstrip antennas;substrate integrated waveguide}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_EuRAD\_Khan\_Substrate\_Integrated\_Waveguide\_Antenna.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 7385587, author = {Al-Momani, Ala'a and Kargl, Frank and Waldschmidt, Christian and Moser, Steffen and Slomka, Frank}, title = {Wireless channel-based message authentication}, year = {2015}, DOI = {10.1109/VNC.2015.7385587}, booktitle = {Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC), 2015 IEEE}, pages = {271-274}, keywords = {Communication system security;Cryptography;Messageauthentication;Receivers;Vehicles;Wireless communication}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_VNC\_Al-Momani\_Wireless\_message\_authentication.pdf} } @Article { 2015BildikDieter, author = {Bildik, Saygin and Dieter, Sabine and Fritzsch, Carsten and Menzel, Wolfgang and Jakoby, Rolf}, title = {Reconfigurable Folded Reflectarray Antenna Based Upon Liquid Crystal Technology}, year = {2015}, DOI = {10.1109/TAP.2014.2367491}, journal = {IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation}, volume = {Vol. 63}, pages = {122-132}, number = {Jan. 2015}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_TAP\_Bildik\_Reconfigurable\_Folded\_Reflectarray\_Antenna.pdf} } @Article { Luo2015, author = {Luo, Q. and Gao, S. and Zhang, C. and Zhou, D. and Chaloun, T. and Menzel, W. and Ziegler, V. and Sobhy, M.}, title = {Design and Analysis of a Reflectarray Using Slot Antenna Elements for Ka band Satcom}, year = {2015}, issn = {0018-926X}, DOI = {10.1109/TAP.2015.2401393}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation}, volume = {PP}, pages = {1-1}, number = {99}, keywords = {Arrays;Integrated circuit modeling;Microstrip;Microstrip antennas;Slot antennas;Stripline;Ka band;reflectarray;slot antenna} } @Inproceedings { puchinger2015code, author = {Puchinger, Sven and M\"{u}elich, Sven and Ishak, Karim and Bossert, Martin}, title = {Code-based cryptosystems using generalized concatenated codes}, year = {2015}, organization = {Springer}, booktitle = {Special Sessions in Applications of Computer Algebra}, pages = {397--423} } @Inproceedings { Chaloun2015, author = {Chaloun, Tobias and Hillebrand, Christoph and Waldschmidt, Christian and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Active Transmitarray Submodule for K/Ka Band Satcom Applications}, abstract = {A novel concept for an active transmitarray architecture for K/Ka BandSatcom applications is presented. The highly-integrated antenna system isbased on planar multilayer arrangement covering both Satcom frequency bandsfor uplink at 30 GHz and downlink at 20 GHz. To verify the proposedmanifold approach, the individual components and a first active dual-bandtransmitarray submodule enhanced by a multi-functional SiGe BiCMOS MMIChave been realized and measured successfully.}, year = {2015}, booktitle = {9th German Microwave Conference}, address = {N\"{u}remberg, Germany}, keywords = {transmitarray; dual-band antenna; vertical RF transition; phased array antenna, thinned array; aperiodic array; SiGe; BiCMOS} } @Inproceedings { 7117928, author = {Schipper, T. and Schlichenmaier, Johannes and Ahbe, D. and Mahler, T. and Kowalewski, J. and Zwick, T.}, title = {A simulator for multi-user automotive radar scenarios}, abstract = {Radar is an essential element of state of the art advanced driver assistance systems. In the foreseeable future, radar will be an indispensable sensor for the use in affordable, automated driven cars. Simulation tools are the key for an efficient development process and hence will lower the price of sophisticated driver assistance systems. Therefore, the development of adequate simulators is important for suppliers, car makers, and final consumers. This paper introduces the concept of such a simulator for multi-user automotive radar scenarios and presents selected simulation results for a use case of radar interference.}, year = {2015}, DOI = {10.1109/ICMIM.2015.7117928}, booktitle = {Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM), 2015 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on}, pages = {1-4}, keywords = {Automotive engineering;Radar antennas;Radar cross-sections;Radar tracking;Vehicles}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_ICMIM\_Schipper\_Simulator\_Automotive.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Hu2015, author = {Hu, Sanming and Waldschmidt, Christian and Chaloun, Tobias and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {3D Transition between Thin and Thick Waveguides to Interconnect Chip and Antenna-in-Package}, abstract = {It is very challenging to efficiently radiate millimeter-wave signals from silicon chips, especially from standard CMOS chips which uselow-resistivity lossy silicon substrates. To address this issue, this paperdescribes a novel 3D transition which efficiently couples an on-chip signaland then directly feeds an in-package antenna. To verify this idea with lowcost, a transition between thin and thick waveguides is studied usingprinted circuit boards. This transition features an insertion loss of 1.4dB at 77 GHz and a 15-dB return-loss bandwidth of 6 GHz. Furthermore, thistransition is inherently integrated to feed a hollow horn, and the wholeantenna achieves more than 10 dBi gain from 74.9 to 79.3 GHz.}, year = {2015}, booktitle = {IEEE 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation}, address = {Bali, Indonesia}, keywords = {3D transition; horn antenna; millimeter-wave; co-design; system-in-package} } @Inproceedings { Tabarani201, author = {Tabarani, Filipe and Chaloun, Tobias and Purtova, Tatyana and Kaynak, Mehmet and Schumacher, Hermann}, title = {0.25um BiCMOS System-on-Chip with Four Transceivers for Ka-band Active Reflectarrays}, year = {2015}, booktitle = {International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference}, address = {Porto de Galinhas, Pernambuco, Brazil} } @Inbook { Menzel2015AntennaConcepts, author = {Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Handbook of Antenna Technologies}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing AG}, chapter = {Antenna Concepts for Millimeter-Wave Automotive Radar Sensors}, editor = {Zhi Ning Chen}, pages = {1-22}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2015/2015\_Springer-Handbook\_Automotive-antennas.pdf} } @Conference { schubert_eumw14, author = {Schubert, Eugen and Kunert, Martin and Frischen, Andreas and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {A Multi-Reflection-Point Target Model for Classification of Pedestrians by Automotive Radar}, year = {2014}, month = {10}, DOI = {10.1109/EuRAD.2014.6991237}, booktitle = {European Radar Conference (EuRAD)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2014/2014\_EuRAD\_Schubert\_Multi-Reflection-Point\_Target\_Model\_Pedestrians.pdf} } @Conference { frischen_eumw14, author = {Frischen, Andreas and Hasch, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Performance Degradation in Cooperative Radar Sensor Systems due to Uncorrelated Phase Noise}, year = {2014}, month = {10}, DOI = {10.1109/EuRAD.2014.6991252}, booktitle = {European Radar Conference (EuRAD), Rome, Italy}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2014/2014\_EuRAD\_Frischen\_Performance\_Degradation\_Phase\_Noise.pdf} } @Conference { Werber2014_1, author = {Werber, Klaudius and Barjenbruch, Michael and Klappstein, Jens and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {How Do Traffic Signs Look Like in Radar?}, year = {2014}, month = {10}, DOI = {DOI: 10.1109/EuMC.2014.6986388}, booktitle = {European Microwave Conference (EuMC), Rome, Italy}, journal = {European Microwave Conference (EuMC), Rome, Italy}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2014/2014\_EuMC\_Werber\_Traffic\_Signs\_Radar.pdf} } @Conference { pflueger_eumw14, author = {Pfl\"{u}ger, Stefan and Waldschmidt, Christian and Ziegler, Volker}, title = {Coupled Evanescent Mode Resonator Filter Using a Defective Ground Structure to Increase Coupling}, year = {2014}, month = {10}, DOI = {10.1109/EuMC.2014.6986566}, booktitle = {European Microwave Conference (EuMC), Rome, Italy}, journal = {European Microwave Conference (EuMC), Rome, Italy}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2014/2014\_EuMC\_Pflueger\_Coupled\_Evanescent\_Mode\_Resonator\_Filter.pdf} } @Inproceedings { integrated_antenna, author = {Hitzler, Martin and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Design and Characterization Concepts of a Broadband Chip-Integrated Antenna}, year = {2014}, month = {10}, booktitle = {European Microwave Conference (EuMC), Rome, Italy}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2014/2014\_EuMC\_Hitzler\_integrated\_antenna\_design\_and\_measurement.pdf} } @Conference { waldschmidt_eumw14_1, author = {Waldschmidt, Christian and Meinel, Holger}, title = {Future Trends and Directions in Radar Concerning the Application for Autonomous Driving}, year = {2014}, month = {10}, DOI = {10.1109/EuMC.2014.6986788}, booktitle = {European Microwave Conference (EuMC), Rome, Italy}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2014/2014\_EuMC\_Waldschmidt\_Future\_Trends\_Radar\_Autonomous\_Driving.pdf} } @Conference { HuHiEffHorn2014, author = {Hu, S. and Menzel, W. and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {High-Efficiency Horn Antenna Using Solder Balls for Seamless Package With Millimeter - Wave 3D Chips}, year = {2014}, month = {4}, day = {11}, DOI = {10.1109/EuCAP.2014.6901728}, booktitle = {8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), The Hague, 2014}, pages = {95-99}, event_name = {8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)}, event_place = {The Hague}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2014/2014\_EuCAP\_Hu\_Horn\_Antenna\_3D\_Chips.pdf} } @Conference { robot1, author = {Hitzler, Martin and Bader, Sebastian and Waldschmidt, Christian}, title = {Key Aspects of Robot based Antenna Measurements at Millimeter Wave Frequencies}, year = {2014}, month = {4}, booktitle = {European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), The Hague, Netherlands}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2014/2014\_EuCAP\_Hitzler\_robot\_measurement\_aspects.pdf} } @Conference { PfluegerDualPol2014, author = {Pfl\"{u}ger, Stefan and Waldschmidt, Christian and Ziegler, Volker}, title = {A dual-polarized planar 77 GHz array antenna}, year = {2014}, month = {3}, day = {12}, booktitle = {German Microwave Conference (GeMIC), Aachen, 2014}, pages = {1-3}, event_name = {German Microwave Conference}, event_place = {Aachen}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2014/2014\_GeMIC\_Pflueger\_Dual\_Polarized\_Planar\_Array\_Antenna.pdf} } @Conference { 2014GeigerMenzel, author = {Geiger, Martin and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Bi-Quad and Four-Quad WLAN Antennas with Magnetic Reflector}, year = {2014}, booktitle = {German Microwave Conference (GeMIC)}, journal = {Gemic}, pages = {1-4}, event_place = {Aachen}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2014/2014\_GEMIC\_WLAN\_magn-Refl.pdf} } @Inproceedings { 6986769, author = {Khan, O. and Pontes, J. and Li, X. and Waldschmidt, C.}, title = {A wideband variable width microstrip grid array antenna}, year = {2014}, month = {Oct}, DOI = {10.1109/EuMC.2014.6986769}, booktitle = {2014 44th European Microwave Conference}, pages = {1644-1647}, keywords = {antenna feeds;antenna radiation patterns;aperture antennas;broadband antennas;microstrip antenna arrays;planar antenna arrays;wideband variable width planar microstrip grid array antenna;standard Roger RO3003 substrate;ground aperture fed antenna;microstrip line width;side lobe suppression;medium range operation;short range operation;automotive radar;Arrays;Microstrip antenna arrays;Microstrip;Antenna measurements;Microstrip antennas;Radar antennas;Grid array;millimeter-wave antennas;microstrip antennas}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2014/2014\_EuMC\_Khan\_Wideband\_Variable\_Width\_Microstrip\_Grid\_Array\_Antenna.pdf} } @Conference { 2014SchuTabarPurt, author = {Schumacher, Hermann and Tabarani, F. and Purtova, T. and Chaloun, Tobias and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Si/SiGe BiCMOS transceiver ICs for Ka band phased array antennas}, year = {2014}, booktitle = {IEEE IMS/RFIC}, pages = {1-17}, event_place = {Tampa Bay}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2014/ 2014\_AP\_Scanning-folded-reflectarray.pdf} } @Article { Chaloun2014, author = {Chaloun, T. and Menzel, W. and Tabarani, F. and Purtova, T. and Schumacher, H. and Kaynak, M. and Luo, Q. and Gao, S. and Starec, R. and Ziegler, V.}, title = {Wide-angle scanning active transmit/receive reflectarray}, year = {2014}, issn = {1751-8725}, DOI = {10.1049/iet-map.2013.0704}, journal = {IET Microwaves, Antennas \\& Propagation}, volume = {8}, pages = {811-818}, number = {11} } @Article { 2013RussoCorrelationBased, author = {Russo, Ivan and Mayer, Winfried and Pflueger, Stefan and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Correlation-Based Analysis of Mode Converters in Multimode Waveguide}, year = {2013}, month = {12}, journal = {International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies}, volume = {5}, pages = {721--728}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/2013\_IJMWT\_Mode-analysis\_Russo\_.pdf} } @Conference { 2013HitzlerTechnology, author = {Hitzler, Martin and Baras, Torben and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Technology for High Quality Factor Membrane Filters in Organic Multilayer PCBs}, year = {2013}, month = {10}, booktitle = {European Microwave Conference (EuMC), Nuremberg, Germany}, journal = {European Microwave Conf. 2013, Nuremberg, Germany,}, event_name = {European Microwave Conf., Nuremberg, Germany}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/2013\_EuMC\_Hitzler\_membrane\_filters.pdf} } @Article { A79GHzRadarSensor, author = {Bauer, Frank and Wang, Xin and Menzel, Wolfgang and Stelzer, Andreas}, title = {A 79-GHz Radar Sensor in LTCC Technology Using Grid Array Antennas}, year = {2013}, month = {6}, journal = {IEEE Transactions onMicrowave Theory and Techniques}, volume = {61}, pages = {2514-2521}, number = {6}, keywords = {MWTmade}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/MTT\_2013.pdf} } @Article { 2013BaReflecteurde, author = {Ba, Oul\'{e}ye and Lanteri, J\'{e}r\^{o}me and Migliaccio, Claire and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {R\'{e}flecteur de Fresnel bi-bande pour communication drone-satellite}, year = {2013}, month = {5}, journal = {18\`{e}mes Journ\'{e}es Nationales Microondes}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/2013\_JNM\_dual-frequ-reflectarray\_Ouleye.pdf} } @Conference { 79GHzLTCCIntAnt, author = {Bauer, Frank and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {79 GHz LTCC-Integrated Antennas}, year = {2013}, month = {3}, day = {4}, booktitle = {Workshop on Antenna Technology}, journal = {IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/IWAT\_2013.pdf} } @Article { Andres3Ddetection, author = {Andres, Markus and Menzel, Wolfgang and Feil, Peter and Bloecher, Hans-Ludwig and Dickmann, J\"{u}rgen}, title = {3D-Detection of Automobile Scattering Centers Using UWB Radar Sensors at 24/77GHz}, year = {2013}, month = {3}, journal = {IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine}, volume = {28}, pages = {20-25}, number = {3}, tags = {F3}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/AESM\_2013.pdf} } @Conference { 2013GruenerSingle, author = {Gr\"{u}ner, Patrik and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Single-Layer Dual-Frequency Reflectarray}, year = {2013}, month = {3}, booktitle = {International Workshop on Antenna Technology}, pages = {318--321}, event_name = {International Workshop on Antenna Technology}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/2013\_iWAT\_Dual-Frequency-Reflectarray.pdf} } @Conference { 2013SchumacherImpulseRadio, author = {Schumacher, Hermann and Lin, D. and Mirbach, Michael and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Impulse-Radio UWB Systems for In-body Localization and Vital Sign Monitoring}, year = {2013}, booktitle = {IEEE RFIC Conference}, event_name = {IEEE RFIC Conf., Seattle, 2013, Workshop WSG-1: Radio Frequency Systems for Indoor Localization} } @Article { 2013MenzelSpecialIssue, author = {Menzel, Wolfgang and Walter, T.}, title = {Special Issue on the German RoCC Project}, year = {2013}, journal = {International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies}, volume = {5}, pages = {1}, number = {Special Issue 01 (Feb. 2013)}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/2013\_IJMWT\_RoCC-Editorial.pdf} } @Article { 2013JiangK-Band, author = {Jiang, Wan and Liu, Changjun and Zhang, Biao and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {K-Band Frequency-Scanned Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Lines}, year = {2013}, journal = {IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters}, volume = {12}, pages = {1133--1136}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/2013\_AWPL\_24GHz-CRLH\_Leaky-wave-antenna.pdf} } @Conference { 2013MenzelPlanarLeaky, author = {Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Planar Leaky-Wave Antennas--Early Concepts and Actual Results}, year = {2013}, booktitle = {European Microwave Conf., Nuremberg, Germany}, pages = {483--486}, event_name = {European Microwave Conf.}, event_place = {Nuremberg, Germany}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/2013\_EuMC\_Leaky-wave-antennas.pdf} } @Inbook { 2013LinUWBinMedicine, author = {Lin, Dayang and Mirbach, Michael and Thiasiriphet, Thanawat and Lindner, J\"{u}rgen and Menzel, Wolfgang and Schumacher, Hermann and Leib, Mario and Schleicher, Bernd}, title = {High Performance UWB Systems for Biomedical Diagnostics and Short Range Communications}, year = {2013}, isbn = {978-953-51-0936-5}, publisher = {? Verlag}, chapter = {UWB in Medicine}, editor = {Reiner Thom\"{a}, Reinhard H. Kn\"{o}chel, J\"{u}rgen Sachs, Ingolf Willms and Thomas Zwick}, pages = {439--488}, web_url = {http://www.intechopen.com/books/ultra-wideband-radio-technologies-for-communications-localization-and-sensor-applications}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/2013\_UKOLOS-Book\_Chapter15.pdf} } @Conference { 2013SchubertHumanRCS, author = {Schubert, E. and Kunert, M. and Menzel, Wolfgang and Fortuny-Guasch, J. and Chareau, J.-M.}, title = {Human RCS measurements and dummy requirements for the assessment of radar based active pedestrian safety systems}, year = {2013}, booktitle = {International Radar Symposium, Dresden (IRS 2013)}, pages = {1-6}, event_name = {International Radar Symposium}, event_place = {Dresden}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/2013\_IRS\_Human-RCS-Measurements\_Schubert\_.pdf} } @Article { BauerA79GHzresonant, author = {Bauer, Frank and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {A 79 GHz Resonant Laminated Waveguide Slotted Array Antenna Using Novel Shaped Slots in LTCC}, year = {2013}, journal = {IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters}, volume = {12}, pages = {296--299}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/AWPL\_2013.pdf} } @Article { 2013RenDualFrequency, author = {Ren, Jinjing and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Dual-Frequency Folded Reflectarray Antenna}, year = {2013}, journal = {IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters}, volume = {12}, pages = {1216--1219}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/2013\_AWPL\_Dual-frequ-reflectarray.pdf} } @Conference { FischerDetofPed, author = {Fischer, Christoph and Barjenbruch, Michael and Bloecher, Hans-Ludwig and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Detection of Pedestrians in Road Environments with Mutual Interference}, year = {2013}, booktitle = {14th International Radar Symposium}, journal = {14th International Radar Symposium}, pages = {746--751}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/PID2735353\_Fischer.pdf} } @Conference { 2013MenzelDesignApproaches, author = {Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {Design approaches for automotive radar antennas}, year = {2013}, booktitle = {European Microwave Conf. Nuremberg, Germany (not in Proceedings). Session EuMC06}, event_name = {uropean Microwave Conf. 2013, Nuremberg, Germany} } @Conference { 2013FischerDBF, author = {Fischer, Christoph and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {DBF for Automotive Applications}, year = {2013}, booktitle = {European Microwave Conf., Nuremberg, Germany, Workshop Automotive Radar}, journal = {European Microwave Conf., Nuremberg, Germany, Workshop Automotive Radar}, event_name = {European Microwave Conf., Workshop Automotive Radar Conf.}, event_place = {Nuremberg, Germany} } @Conference { 2013NguyenAntenneen, author = {Nguyen, Truc Phong and Migliaccio, Claire and Pichot, Christian and Menzel, Wolfgang and Feil, Peter}, title = {Antenne en cos\'{e}cante carr\'{e}e pour la d\'{e}tection de d\'{e}bris sur pistes d’a\'{e}roport}, year = {2013}, booktitle = {18\`{e}mes Journ\'{e}es Nationales Microondes}, journal = {18\`{e}mes Journ\'{e}es Nationales Microondes}, event_place = {Paris}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/2013\_JNM\_Cosecans\_Phong.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Luo2013, author = {Luo, Q. and Gao, S. and Chaloun, T. and Menzel, W. and Boccia, L. and Arnieri, E. and Amendola, G. and Ziegler, V.}, title = {Antenna array elements for Ka-band satellite communication on the move}, year = {2013}, DOI = {10.1109/LAPC.2013.6711868}, booktitle = {Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference}, pages = {135-139}, keywords = {Antenna arrays;Arrays;Dual band;Frequency measurement;Reflector antennas;Slot antennas;antenna array;beam scan;dual band;dual polarized;reflectarray} } @Inproceedings { Chaloun2013, author = {Chaloun, T. and Meniconi, E. and Purtova, T. and Ziegler, V.}, title = {A planar, scalable active transceiver array for mobile Satcom applications}, year = {2013}, issn = {2164-2958}, DOI = {10.1109/RWS.2013.6486656}, booktitle = {Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)}, pages = {106-108}, keywords = {BiCMOS integrated circuits;Ge-Si alloys;active antenna arrays;microswitches;mobile antennas;mobile satellite communication;planar antenna arrays;radio transceivers;satellite antennas;semiconductor materials;RF-MEMS switches monolithic integration;SiGe;antennas;innovative BiCMOS technology;mobile Satcom applications;planar scalable active transceiver array;BiCMOS;RF-MEMS;Satcom;SiGe;dual-band;dual-polarized;planar array} } @Article { 2013Massen79GHzSiGe, author = {Massen, Joachim and Frei, Michael and Menzel, Wolfgang and M\"{o}ller, Ulrich}, title = {A 79GHz SiGe short-range radar sensor for automotive applications}, year = {2013}, journal = {International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies}, volume = {Special Issue 01}, pages = {5-14}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/massen\_conti\_sensor\_2013.pdf} } @Article { Bauer79GHzAntenna, author = {Bauer, Frank and Menzel, Wolfgang}, title = {A 79-GHz Planar Antenna Array Using Ceramic-Filled Cavity Resonators in LTCC}, year = {2013}, journal = {IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters}, volume = {12}, pages = {910-913}, file_url = {https://mwt-www.e-technik.uni-ulm.de/world/data/downloads/papers/2013/2013\_AWPL\_LTCC-cavity-antenna.pdf} } @Inproceedings { Meniconi2013, author = {Meniconi, E. and Ziegler, V. and Sorrentino, R. and Chaloun, T.}, title = {3D integration technologies for a planar dual band active array in Ka-band}, year = {2013}, booktitle = {European Microwave Conference}, pages = {215-218}, keywords = {BiCMOS integrated circuits;elemental semiconductors;germanium compounds;microwave antenna arrays;mobile radio;multifrequency antennas;planar antenna arrays;satellite communication;silicon;3D integration technology;Ka-band operational frequencies;RF distribution network;SiGe;antenna architecture;dual band e-scan antenna system;dual band planar antennas;frequency 20 GHz;frequency 30 GHz;insertion loss;low cost approach;low-profile approach;mobile satellite communications;multifunctional silicon germanium bipolar complementary metal-oxide semiconductor chip-sets;planar dual band active array;return loss;vertical transitions;Antenna arrays;Arrays;Dual band;MMICs;Radio frequency;Receiving antennas} } @Article { andres2012extraction, author = {Andres, Markus and Ishak, Karim and Menzel, Wolfgang and Bloecher, Hans-Ludwig}, title = {Extraction of micro-Doppler signatures using automotive radar sensors}, year = {2012}, publisher = {De Gruyter} } @Inproceedings { Zhou2012, author = {Zhou, D. and Zhang, C. and Gao, S. and Chaloun, T. and Menzel, W. and Ziegler, V.}, title = {New multi-layer millimetre-wave folded reflectarray antennas for satellite communications}, year = {2012}, DOI = {10.1109/EuCAP.2012.6206316}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation}, pages = {821-824}, keywords = {antenna feeds;electromagnetic wave polarisation;microstrip antenna arrays;microstrip lines;millimetre wave antenna arrays;reflectarray antennas;satellite communication;strip lines;Ka-band;Satellite Communications;broadside folded reflectarray antenna;controllable phase shifter;dual-polarised aperture-coupled microstrip patch antenna;dual-polarization antenna elements;electronically beam scanning;feeding striplines;multilayer millimetre-wave folded reflectarray antennas;mutual coupling reduction;phase compensation;polarization conversion;true-time microstrip delay lines;unit cell antenna;Antennas;Conferences;Europe;Broadside folded reflectarray;aperture-coupled microstrip patch;polariser;vertical RF transition} } @Inproceedings { Feil2011, author = {Feil, P. and Chaloun, T.}, title = {Active switched antenna array for 77 GHz digital beamforming radar}, year = {2011}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation}, pages = {2951-2953}, keywords = {CW radar;FM radar;active antenna arrays;array signal processing;microstrip antennas;radar imaging;DBF radar;active switched antenna array;broadband FMCW frontend;cylindrical lens;digital beamforming radar;frequency 73 GHz to 81 GHz;frequency 77 GHz;frequency modulated continuous wave;imaging radars;integrated planar patch antennas;parallel receivers;system complexity;uniform linear antenna array;Antenna arrays;Antenna measurements;Arrays;Lenses;Patch antennas;Radar imaging;Switches} }