Definition of research data from the glossary at Forschungsdaten.info:

Research data are digital or analog data that are generated, developed, or analyzed during scientific activities (e.g., through measurements, surveys, or source research), or that are based on such activities. They form the foundation of scientific work and document its results. What exactly falls under the term “research data” varies from discipline to discipline.

"With this broad definition, classification of research data is possible in many ways:

• Format (image, video, measurement data, ...)
• Source (experiment, survey, simulation, model, observation, compiled,...)
• Degree of aggregation (raw, primary, secondary, tertiary data)

These different aspects lead to an individual understanding of "research data" in different subject communities.